天目山单爪螯蜂属二新种（膜翅目：螯蜂科：单爪螯蜂亚科）

本文记述采自浙江天目山的单爪螯蜂属Ａｎｔｅｏｎ２新种,即皱单爪螯蜂Ａｎｔｅｏｎ ｒｕｇｏｓｕｍ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和侧突单爪螯蜂Ａｎｔｅｏｎ ｓｔｙｌｕｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于浙江农业大学。     

单爪螯蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：螯蜂科）

本报道了采自浙江省西天目山的单爪螯蜂属一新种。摸式标本存放浙江农业大学植物保护系。     

Lambda DNA在爪蟾卵非细胞系统中参与核组装的研究

以ＬａｍｂｄａＤＮＡ为外源性ＤＮＡ,爪蟾卵非细胞系统中进行核组装。在组装的不同时期提取核内和核外的ＤＮＡ,电泳检测显示其迁移率与ＬａｍｂｄａＤＮＡ完全相同,并随组装时间的延长,其含量在核内和核外分别是上升和下降的趋势。ＤＮａｓｅＩ能够降解核外的ＤＮＡ而不能降解核内的ＤＮＡ,证实了核膜的完整性。限制性内切酶分析进一步证明参加组装的ＤＮＡ就是ＬａｍｂｄａＤＮＡ。关键词     

甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素对柑橘全爪螨的亚致死效应

通过叶碟饲养的方法, 利用生命表技术,研究了甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素亚致死剂量LC₂₀处理柑橘全爪螨若螨后,对试验种群当代(F₀)和后代(F₁、F₂代)生长发育及繁殖的影响.结果表明: 甲氰菊酯LC₂₀处理若螨后,当代雌成螨产卵量显著增加;F₁、F₂代的产卵前期缩短,后代雌性比例增大,且均与对照差异显著;同时,F₁和F₂代种群内禀增长率(r_m)和周限增长率(λ)增大,世代历期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)缩短,且F₂代与对照相比差异显著.用阿维菌素LC₂₀处理若螨后,当代种群雌成螨产卵量显著下降; F₁和F₂代的产卵量也显著下降,但后代雌性比例增大,产卵前期显著缩短;F₁和F₂代的种群r_m和λ增大,T和Dt缩短,且F₂代比F₁代更为明显.总体来看,甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素亚致死浓度LC₂₀对柑橘全爪螨的影响并不完全相同,甲氰菊酯能够促进当代种群的发展,而阿维菌素对当代种群有一定的抑制作用;但两种杀螨剂亚致死浓度处理柑橘全爪螨对后代种群都有一定的促进作用.研究结果对柑橘全爪螨综合防治策略的制定有一定的指导意义.     

从捕食者、猎物的生物学分析胡瓜新小绥螨对针叶小爪螨的控制作用

【目的】为了研究胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris(Oudemans)对针叶小爪螨Oligonychus ununguis(Jacobi)的控制能力,为大田防治提供依据。【方法】应用胡瓜新小绥螨和针叶小爪螨的生物学与实验种群生命表的数据进行比较分析。【结果】研究表明:1在(20±1)~(32±1)℃温度条件下,取食针叶小爪螨的胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨、若螨、成螨均能正常生长和繁殖,发育历期随着温度升高而缩短;2在(20±1)、(25±1)、(30±1)、(32±1)℃温度条件下,以针叶小爪螨为食物的胡瓜新小绥螨的产卵量分别为(37.8±5.15)、(52.9±1.92)、(49.5±6.50)、(42.0±6.34)粒,而在同等温度条件下,取食板栗叶片的针叶小爪螨的产卵量分别高出胡瓜新小绥螨的141%、169%、194%和149%;3在(20±1)、(25±1)、(30±1)和(32±1)℃温度条件下,针叶小爪螨的净增殖率(R0)分别为36.5453、66.9788、66.2848、45.4846,比胡瓜新小绥螨高出72.88%、118.36%、92.12%、93.55%,说明针叶小爪螨的生殖潜能与产雌率高于胡瓜新小绥螨,而胡瓜新小绥螨每一世代周期(T)为29.6337、24.2193、20.2165、22.2009d,分别短于针叶小爪螨46.75%、42.03%、39.13%、29.63%;4在(20±1)、(25±1)、(30±1)℃温度条件下,胡瓜新小绥螨的内禀增长率(rm)为0.1030、0.1413、0.1699,分别高于针叶小爪螨的127%、105%、106%,而在(32±1)℃条件下针叶小爪螨的内禀增长率(rm=0.1636)高于胡瓜新小绥螨的115%,说明高温有利于针叶小爪螨的种群增长。【结论】在针叶小爪螨初发生期释放胡瓜新小绥螨能有效地控制其种群增长。     

微量注射抗TGFβ—1抗体对爪蟾发育的影响

In order to testify the function of the TGF beta related protein, we microinjected the antibodies against the TGF beta-1 to one blastomere of two-cell stage embryos. Dosages of antibodies injected were 24-36 ng, 12 -18 ng, 6-9 ng and 1.5-2.25 ng. Malformed embryos with exposed yolk mass were produced. They were designated as YE-1, YE-2 and YE-3 according to the degree of malformation which was found to be related to the dosage of antibodies injected to the blastomere. These malformed embryos could normally develop to blastula, but the yolk mass was exposed on the injection half during gastrulation. In the group with the highest dosage, the most seriously affected embryos belong to the YE-1. For most of them, no muscle tissue could be found from head to tail in the injection half, the development of mesoderm seemed to be thoroughly inhibited. YE-2 was the group with decreased dosage, small block of muscle tissue was usually observed in the injection half. YE-3 was the least affected group with the injection half containing blocks of muscle tissue similar to that of the non-injection half. The different groups of malformations seemed to be related to the degree and range of interference on gastrulation. In the group with highest dosage, the gastrulation of the entire injection half seemed to be prohibited, and YE-1 was produced. In the groups with lower dosages, only part of injection half was interfered, and YE-3 v and YE-3 d were resulted. From the results mentioned above, we concluded that TGF beta-related protein are not only present in the early embryos of Xenopus laevis, but also may be concerned with mesoderm induction.     

爪蟾胚胎脊髓胆碱能神经元上两类非去极化激...

Single calcium channel current was studied on the identified spinal cholinergic neurons from embryonic Xenopus laevis with patch clamp method. The results indicate that some calcium channels show opening activity at resting membrane potential. According to the characteristics of conductance and kinetics of such channels, they could be divided into two types: a stretch sensitive Type-NS with a slope conductance of 7.5 pS (mean open time 0.58 ms at resting membrane potential) and a Type-NL with a slope conductance of 16.7 pS (and two opening times of 2 ms and 19.3 ms). Both types of channel are predominantly active at resting potential and negative membrane phases. It is suggested that they may be involved in the calcium-dependent neuronal events at resting state.     

霉菌毒素Dihydroxyaflavinine非竞争性...

Dihydroxyaflavinine is an indole-derived metabolite of Aspergillus flavus. Its action on GABA-induced response was quantitatively studied on the GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes after injection of chick brain mRNA under voltage-clamp conditions. Dihydroxyaflavinine inhibits GABA-induced current non-competitively with KI = 12 mumol/L. This blockage is rapidly reversible. In comparison, the inhibitory effect of penicillin on GABAA receptor is enhanced by increasing GABA concentration. Ro 15-1788 (a benzodiazepine ligand with KD = 0.6--2 nmol/L) of concentration as high as 1 mumol/L, does not mask the action of 10 mumol/L dihydroxyaflavinine, indicating that dihydroxyaflavinine acts on a site different from benzodiazepines. Dihydroxyaflavinine appears to expedite desensitization of the receptor, which is similar to the action of picrotoxin and in contrast with that of penicillin and bicuculline.