豚草的剪叶实验研究

豚草的剪叶实验研究结果表明:不剪叶的豚草株高可达222.3cm,单次剪叶平均株高为212.1cm,而连续多次剪叶时株高为184.0cm,连续6次全剪叶处理的植株在株高为130cm时死亡。不剪叶的植株结实枝条为14.9条。营养生长早期剪叶及重剪叶明显抑制枝条的形成,而后期剪叶有促进分枝的作用。剪叶对花穗数的影响与对分枝数的影响基本一致。不剪叶植株可产生1873.2粒种子,经剪叶处理后,种子量明显降低。大多数处理的种子减少率在40—70％之间,连续6次全剪叶的种子量减少率达100％。早期剪叶以及剪叶次数愈多,剪叶愈重,对豚草株高、结实枝、花穗数及种子量的抑制作用愈明显。     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨果实空间分布及其数量特性的研究

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种间比较,果穗、种子在树冠上的垂直分布均表现为树冠上层最多,中层居中,下层最少,树冠南北侧相比较,南侧果穗量多于北侧.单果种子量在树冠各层次上差异不显著.胡杨单果重是灰叶胡杨的2.68倍,千粒重是灰叶胡杨的1.33倍,单果种子量是灰叶胡杨的2.14倍,单株种子量是灰叶胡杨的1.28倍,而单株果实量灰叶胡杨是胡杨的1.59倍.同一个种不同居群间比较,胡杨、灰叶胡杨均是单株果穗数和果穗果实数各居群间都存在差异,胡杨各居群间单果重、单果种子量差异不显著,而灰叶胡杨各居群间单果重及单果种子量差异极显著.表明胡杨在物质和能量上对后代的投资能力强于灰叶胡杨,生殖策略是通过较高的单果种子量来保证一定数量的单株种子量;而灰叶胡杨单果种子量较低,却是通过较高的单株果量来保证单株种子量,并且较小的种子占据空间生态位的潜能较胡杨占优势.     

Effects of nitrogen addition on leaf traits of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain,Shanxi Province,China

Aims Our objectives were to explore the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf traits and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests.
Methods We conducted the experiment of nitrogen (N) addition from 2009 to 2013 in the natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi, China. The levels of N addition were 0 (control), 50 (low-N), 100 (medium-N) and 150 (high-N) kg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. Eleven common plant species in 12 20 m × 20 m plots were selected, including Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus mongolica, Acer ginnala, Corylus mandshurica, Cornus bretschneideri, Spiraea salicifolia, Lonicera maackii, Carex callitrichos, Diarrhena mandshurica, Anemone tomentosa, and Polygonatum odoratum. Nine leaf traits were measured, including leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and other four.
Important findings We found that: 1) LT and SLA of Polygonatum odoratum significantly differed among four levels of N addition. Leaf area (LA) and LDMC of several species, such as Spiraea salicifolia, had significant difference among the N addition concentration. LNC of all species, chlorophyll content (CC) and LPC of most species increased significantly with the addition of N. Leaf N:P of 9 species varied significantly, and leaves with different types and ages showed different responses to N addition. 2) Leaf traits were significantly correlated with each other. For instance, SLA was significantly positively correlated with LNC and LPC. In contrast LT was negatively connected with LNC and LPC. In addition, the degree of correlation changed with the level of N addition. 3) The pattern of species distribution in leaf trait space was consistent with the prediction from the theory of Leaf Economic Spectrum (LES). N addition drove species moving along axis 1 in the trait space, and propelled them towards different directions along axis 2, which indicated that these species tended to take the “fast investment-return” strategy. These results suggested that with the change of environmental conditions, plants changed their survival strategy and adjusted resource allocation to maintain the stability of communities. This is the inherent characteristic of plants, thus the formation of LES did not depend on the environment change.     

T-DNA插入水稻群体中卷叶突变体R1-A2的遗传分析

在根癌农杆菌介导的T-DNA(携带有除草剂Basta抗性基因bar和Ds因子)转化中花11水稻群体中,获得了一个叶片发生明显内卷的突变体R1-A。经过连续三代的分离鉴定,获得突变体的纯合株(R1-A2),并与中花11号进行杂交,在调查的36个F_1植株中,全部表现为卷叶,并对Basta除草剂都表现为抗性。在852个F_2单株中,卷叶为645株,正常叶207株,卷叶和正常叶的比例为3:1,其中,卷叶株均对Basta表现抗性,正常叶株均对Basta表现敏感,表明卷叶性状和Basta抗性存在着共分离关系。用扩增Ds因子的引物,对F_2中45个卷叶抗性株进行PCR鉴定,都获得预期长度的Ds因子片段,进一步表明在这些卷叶的植株中都有T-DNA的插入;而30个正常叶敏感株都不能检测到Ds的特征片段。在以卷叶突变(R1-A2)为回交亲本的F_1B_1植株中,全部植株表现卷叶;在以中花11号为回交亲本的F_1B_1植株中,卷叶和正常叶植株的分离比为1:1。上述结果表明该卷叶突变是个显性突变,受一个基因所控制,且该基因的突变与T-DNA的插入有关。     

朱砂叶螨不同抗性品系酯酶同工酶研究

在室内模拟田间药剂的选择压力,用3种不同药剂及其组合(轮用和混用)对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus 进行抗药性选育.经过40余代的筛选,朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素和哒螨·阿维混剂分别产生了68.5、8.7和6.7倍的抗性;甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素混用和轮用分别对甲氰菊酯产生了5.6倍和28.7倍抗性.朱砂叶螨各品系酯酶同工酶电泳结果和同工酶谱谱带密度扫描表明,与敏感品系相比,各抗性筛选品系的酯酶活性均有不同程度增加;阿维菌素抗性品系活性最强,酯酶带迁移距离明显远于其他抗性品系,表明该品系酯酶体系中存在变构酯酶.     

裂盖马鞍菌提取物体内抗氧化活性研究

以新疆特色食用菌裂盖马鞍菌为材料,研究裂盖马鞍菌乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚萃取物对小鼠体内的抗氧化活性,分高（2g/kg）、中（1g／kg）、低（0．2g／kg）三个剂量对小鼠灌胃给药测定小鼠肝脏和血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活力。结果表明,与阴性对照（生理盐水）相比裂盖马鞍菌提取物能明显提高小鼠肝脏和血清中SOD的活力,降低MDA的含量（P〈0．01）;与阳性对照维生素E（VE）（1g/kg）相比乙醇提取物、其他溶剂萃取物高浓度（2g／kg）作用极显著（P〈0．01）;与维生素C（VC,1g／kg）相比乙醇提取物高浓度（2g/kg）作用极显著（P〈0．01）,提示裂盖马鞍菌提取物具有抗氧化活性。     

狭叶柴胡的抗过敏活性及其有效成分

本文以compound 48／80在体外诱导大鼠腹腔肥大细胞释放组胺,评价狭叶柴胡及其成分的抗过敏活性。狭叶柴胡醇提物及正丁醇部分(100μg／mL)、乙酸乙酯及水部分(10,100μg／mL)显著减少组胺释放,以乙酸乙酯部分的作用最强,狭叶柴胡挥发油(100μg／mL)对组胺释放呈现一定的促进作用。从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到异鼠李素和槲皮素两种主要化合物,均显著抑制组胺释放,表明黄酮为狭叶柴胡抗过敏作用的有效成分。     

八种针阔叶幼树清晨叶水势与土壤含水量的关系及其抗旱性研究

一、前言土壤是植物根系的生活环境,是供给植物赖以生存的水分和养分的源泉。干旱区的植物尤其是树木常常由于土壤供水不足而限制其自然分布和生长。根据土壤-植物-大气连续体系     

濒危物种胡杨和灰叶胡杨总DNA提取及RAPD体系优化

以濒危物种胡杨和灰叶胡杨硅胶干燥的叶片为材料,研究其总DNA提取方法及RAPD-PCR体系优化条件。结果表明,用改良CTAB法提取的DNA适用于胡杨和灰叶胡杨的RAPD分析。优化的胡杨和灰叶胡杨RAPD-PCR体系为:20μL的反应体系中含Mg2+2.5 mmol·L-1、dNTP 0.15 mmol·L-1、引物0.2μmol·L-1、模板DNA100 ng和1.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶。用6条多态性引物对优化体系的稳定性进行检测,结果显示扩增结果稳定,多态性丰富。该优化体系为在分子水平开展胡杨和灰叶胡杨的保护生物学研究提供了技术支持和参考。