第三届全国氨基酸研究开发暨综合应用新技术、新设备交流研讨会在上海召开

<正>为推动氨基酸行业的可持续发展,拓宽氨基酸的应用领域,交流展示氨基酸行业的开发、生产和应用等核心技术,中国高科技产业化研究会于2012年5月25日-27日在上海召开"全国氨基酸研究开发与综合应用新技术、新设备交流研讨会"。会议邀请了相关研究机构、大学及产业领域的专家作专题报告,就氨基酸的现状与发展趋势、生产(提取)工艺技术、检测方法和应用技术等内容开展了交流。其中主要学术报告有:     

人乳头瘤病毒芯片寡核苷酸探针的研究

高危型人乳头瘤病毒（Human papillomavims,HPV）是宫颈癌的主要致病因子。利用Arraydesigner2．0和BLAST等生物学软件对10种型别的人乳头瘤病毒全基因组序列进行分析,设计高特异性、熔解温度（Tm）和GC含量相近的60mer HPV型特异性寡核苷酸探针,用于HPV检测芯片的制备,并对其中四型最常见HPV病毒（HPV6,11,16,18）探针的有效性进行初步验证,结果表明设计所得的探针型特异性好,可以应用于HPV的检测与分型。     

辽宁新品系绒山羊血液蛋白多态性及其与经济性状的关系&

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对120只辽宁新品系绒山羊的6种血液蛋白进行多态性检测,并分析了蛋白标记座位与体重、绒产量和绒细度等经济性状的相关性。采用SAS统计软件处理,统计各经济性状的最小二乘均值（LSM）,并进行方差分析和多重比较。结果表明：EsBB型可作为体重性状的优势基因型。TfBB和Amy1-2型位点可作为绒产量的优势基因型,可望作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择。     

轮状病毒NASBA检测研究

轮状病毒是世界范围内流行性胃肠炎暴发的重要病因。以患者粪便为样抽提轮状病毒RNA,在轮状病毒VP7高保守基因区段上设计引物,运用核酸序列依赖的扩增(NASBA)法进行检测,变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳和Northern杂交验证。NASBA预期的特异性产物为392bp,并在仅以目标核酸为模板或在浓度高达1μg/μL的非特异性核酸存在的混合模板中,均有清晰的目标带产生,表现出了很高的特异性。其灵敏度和RT-PCR相同甚至更高,可检测到50pg的核酸,并且当反应时间为3h时检测灵敏度最高。NASBA法扩增效率高、灵敏度高、快速易操作,尤其适用在基层单位推广应用。     

壬基酚对黑斑蛙的毒性效应

通过研究壬基酚对黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)血浆渗透压以及血细胞的影响,探讨壬基酚对黑斑蛙血液的毒性效应。用200、400和600mg/kg壬基酚分别对黑斑蛙腹部淋巴囊注射染毒,在不同的时间间隔内利用渗透压仪测量各组血浆渗透压,同时制作血涂片观察血细胞的异常现象。结果表明,在相同处理时间内,随着壬基酚浓度的增加,黑斑蛙血浆渗透压值上升,血细胞膨大,血细胞核分裂以及核质不均匀现象明显;在相同浓度处理组中,随着处理时间的延长,黑斑蛙血浆渗透压上升,血细胞膨大,细胞核损害严重。壬基酚可诱发红细胞出现微核现象,随着壬基酚浓度的增加,同一处理时间内黑斑蛙红细胞微核及核异常率呈现先上升后下降的变化规律;随着处理时间的延长,各处理组红细胞微核率及核异常率呈现下降的趋势。     

植物蛋白质磷酸化的研究技术

本文介绍植物蛋白质磷酸化研究的技术及其应用情况,并对这些技术的应用前景作了展望。     

The Characterization and Geographical Distribution of the Genes Responsible for Vernalization Requirement in Chinese Bread Wheat

The frequency and distribution of the major vernalization requirement genes and their effects on growth habits were studied. Of the 551 bread wheat genotypes tested, seven allelic combinations of the three Vrn-1 genes were found to be responsible for the spring habit, three for the facultative habit and one for the winter habit. The three Vrn-1 genes behaved additiveiy with the dominant allele of Vrn-A1 exerting the strongest effect. The allele combinations of the facultative genotypes and the discovery of spring genotypes with ＂winter＂ allele of Vrn-1 implied the presence of as yet unidentified alleles/genes for vernalization response. The dominant alleles of the three Vrn-1 genes were found in all ten ecological regions where wheat is cultivated in China, with Vrn-D1 as the most common allele in nine and Vrn-A1 in one. The combination of vrn-A1vrn-B1Vrn-D1 was the predominant genotype in seven of the regions. Compared with landraces, improved varieties contain a higher proportion of the spring type. This was attributed by a higher frequency of the dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 alleles in the latter, Correlations between Vrn-1 allelic constitutions and heading date, spike length, plant type as well as cold tolerance were established.     

Comparative Detection of Calcium Fluctuations in Single Female Sex Cells of Tobacco to Distinguish Calcium Signals Triggered by in vitro Fertilization

Double fertilization is a key process of sexual reproduction in higher plants. The role of calcium in the activation of female sex cells through fertilization has recently received a great deal of attention. The establishment of a Ca^2＋-imaging technique for living, single, female sex cells is a difficult but necessary prerequisite for evaluating the role of Ca^2＋ in the transduction of external stimuli, including the fusion with the sperm cell, to internal cellular processes. The present study describes the use of Fluo-3 for reporting the Ca^2＋ signal in isolated, single, female sex cells, egg cells and central cells, of tobacco plants. A suitable loading protocol was optimized by loading the cells at pH 5.6 with 2 μM Fluo-3 for 30 min at 30 ℃. Under these conditions, several key factors related to in vitro fertilization were also investigated in order to test their possible effects on the [Ca^2＋]cyt of the female sex cells. The results indicated that the bovine serum albumin-fusion system was superior to the polyethlene glycol-fusion system for detecting calcium fluctuations in female sex cells during fertilization. The central cell was fertilized with the sperm cell in bovine serum albumin; however, no evident calcium dynamic was detected, implying that a transient calcium rise might be a specific signal for egg cell fertilization.     

Oil Body Biogenesis during Brassica napus Embryogenesis

Although the oil body is known to be an important membrane enclosed compartment for oil storage in seeds, we have little understanding about its biogenesis during embryogenesis. In the present study we investigated the oil body emergence and variations in Brassica napus cv. Topas. The results demonstrate that the oil bodies could be detected already at the heart stage, at the same time as the embryos began to turn green, and the starch grains accumulated in the chloroplast stroma. In comparison, we have studied the development of oil bodies between Arabidopsis thaliana wild type （Col） and the low-seed-oil mutant wrinkled1-3. We observed that the oil body development in the embryos of Col is similar to that of B. napus cv. Topas, and that the size of the oil bodies was obviously smaller in the embryos of wrinkled1-3. Our results suggest that the oil body biogenesis might be coupled with the embryo chloroplast.     

“果酒、果醋的制作及制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量”的教学组织

制作果酒、果醋及检测泡菜中亚硝酸盐的含量,是高中阶段新的实验内容,由于学习的是与日常生活有关的制作技术,难度并不大,又是学生喜欢的动手操作,因此,这些活动深受学生欢迎。下面谈谈其教学组织。