超表达AhNCED1拟南芥植株在渗透胁迫下抗氧化能力和抗旱相关下游基因表达变化

利用纯系超表达AhNCED1拟南芥植株,在添加300mmol·L-1山梨醇的MS培养基上胁迫培养,分析其表型及抗氧化能力。结果表明,在正常情况及300mmol·L-1山梨醇处理10d条件下,与129B08/nced3突变体和野生型比较,超表达AhNCED1植株生长状况好,主根长度增加,幼苗体内O2ˉ含量水平较低,POD和SOD酶活性较高。说明NCED1基因对于拟南芥体内抗氧化酶系统的维持有重要意义。用sqRT-PCR方法检测结果表明,野生型和超表达AhNCED1拟南芥植物体内KIN1、COR47和RAB18基因表达随脱水延长而明显增强,且在超表达AhNCED1拟南芥中增强幅度大。     

致审稿专家的感谢信

尊敬的审稿专家您好:又是一年即将过去,非常感谢您这一年来对《植物遗传资源学报》的支持和厚爱,您的支持为本刊的进步和发展奠定了雄厚的基础,在此致以衷心的感谢!2012年是《植物遗传资源学报》网上采编系统试行的第2年,在该系统运行的不很成熟的情况下,您以严谨治学的态度和无私奉献的精神积极配合编辑部进行网上审稿,使审稿周期     

马克·史蒂文·普塔什尼

分子生物学的任务之一就是研究基因的表达,无论是低等的细菌,还是高等的哺乳动物甚至人,在特定的情况下只有部分基因表达,同时另外的部分则不表达,甚至在一个细胞内部的基因表达也存在这种状况,很自然基因开关的研究就成为生命科学领域最基本的问题之一。上世纪60年代,对该问题的研究深入到了分子水平,其中1967年哈佛大学的马克·史蒂文·普塔什尼（Mark Steven Ptashne）阻遏蛋白的发现掀开了该领域崭新的一页。     

不同氮素水平下CO_2倍增对转Bt棉花氮素代谢的影响

通过开顶式CO_2气室研究了盛蕾期转Bt棉花新棉33~B及其对照亲本DP5415的生长势和氮素代谢特征对土壤氮素水平(100和200 mg N·kg~(-1))和CO_2浓度倍增(750和375μl·L~(-1))的生理生态响应.结果表明:CO_2浓度升高可显著提高2种棉花的株高和茎粗,增加生物产量;氮素水平提高可显著增加转Bt棉花的株高、茎粗,以及茎和蕾的鲜质量,而对亲本棉花DP5415的影响不显著;对照棉花DP5415的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活力随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著降低,随氮素营养的提高而升高,转Bt棉花新棉33~B在低氮条件下,GS活力随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著增加;大气CO_2浓度升高及氮素营养的增加使盛蕾期转Bt棉花的硝酸还原酶(NR)活力显著增加,DP5415的NR活力也随大气CO_2浓度的升高而显著提高;大气CO_2浓度对2种棉花的亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活力都有明显的抑制作用,其中,高CO_2浓度条件下,DP5415的NiR活力还随氮素营养的增加而显著下降.可见,大气CO_2浓度升高下,土壤氮素水平变化对转Bt棉花的生长势影响显著,但对其氮素代谢生理的影响较对照亲本棉花小.生产中(尤其是高浓度CO_2环境下),应进一步加强转Bt棉花的氮肥优化管理.

Abstract：

By using open-top chambers, this paper studied the physiological and ecological re-sponses of transgenic Bt cotton cv. 33~B and its parent line non-transgenic cotton cv. DP5415 in their growth potential and nitrogen metabolism to doubled CO_2 concentration (750 μl·L~(-1) vs.375 μl·L~(-1)) and nitrogen fertilization level (200 mg N·kg~(-1)vs. 100 mg N·kg~(-1)). Doubled CO_2 concentration promoted the height-and stem growth and the biomass production of the two eultivars significantly, whereas doubled N fertilization level only had significant positive effects on 33~B. The leaf glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) of DP5415 decreased significantly under doubled CO_2 concentration but increased significantly under doubled N fertilization level, while the GSA of 33~B was significantly higher under doubled CO_2 concentration and low nitrogen fertili-zation level. Both the doubled CO_2 concentration and the doubled nitrogen fertilization level in-creased the leaf nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of 33~B significantly, and the NRA of DP5415 also had a significant increase under doubled CO_2 concentration. Doubled CO_2 concentration had significant inhibitory effects on the leaf nitrite reductase activity (NiRA) of both 33~B and DP5415. The NiRA of DP5415 decreased significantly under doubled CO_2 concentration and N fertilization level. All the results suggested that under doubled CO_2 concentration, N fertilization level had significant effects on the growth potential of transgenic Bt cotton but lesser effects on its nitrogen metabolism, compared with the control non-transgenic cotton. Therefore, in the planting of transgenic Bt cotton, especially,under elevated CO_2 condition, optimized N fertilization should be made.     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌收缩特性的影响

目的观察不同浓度的银杏叶提取物(Extract of Ginkgo biloba, EGb)对小鼠离体小肠平滑肌活动的影响,探讨EGb对小肠平滑肌的作用机制.方法制备离体肠段标本,灌流给药后记录不同浓度EGb作用下小肠收缩变化.结果低浓度和中浓度的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有兴奋作用,随浓度增加,低浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈降低趋势,中浓度EGb的兴奋程度呈升高趋势;高浓度EGb引发抑制效应,随浓度增加,抑制程度降低.结论不同浓度范围的EGb对离体小肠平滑肌有不同作用,可能通过对平滑肌的直接作用或调节激素释放,影响离子通道等途径发挥作用.     

供锌水平对寒地春玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性等生理特性的影响

本试验选用不同耐锌玉米品种,采用营养液水培,研究不同锌浓度对玉米株高、地上部干重、根干重及SOD、POD、TTC、硝酸还原酶活性、细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明：耐锌品种‘牡单九’的适宜锌浓度为0．1μmol．L-1,锌敏感品种‘四单十九’的适宜锌浓度为1μmol．L-1。不同锌浓度对玉米生长的影响主要表现在地上部,而对地下部生长影响较小。随着锌浓度的升高,SOD和POD的活性增大。当锌浓度为0．1μmol．L-1时根系活力最高,在锌浓度大于1μmol．L-1时,根系活力下降较明显。硝酸还原酶活性在锌浓度大于0．01μmol．L-1时,随着锌浓度升高而降低。在锌浓度为1μmol．L-1时,细胞膜透性最小,低锌和高锌胁迫下细胞膜透性都有不同程度的增加。     

Trends of Superoxide Dismutase and Soluble Protein of Aquatic Plants in Lakes of Different Trophic Levels in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China

A limnological study was carried out to determine the responses of superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities and soluble protein （SP） contents of 11 common aquatic plants to eutrophication stress. Field investigation in 12 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was carried out from March to September 2004. Our results indicated that non- submersed （emergent and floating-leafed） plants and submersed plants showed different responses to eutrophication stress. Both SOD activities of the non-submersed and submersed plants were negatively correlated with their SP contents （P 〈 0.000 1）. SP contents of non-submersed plants were significantly correlated with all nitrogen variables in the water （P 〈 0.05）, whereas SP contents of submersed plants were only significantly correlated with carbon variables as well as ammonium and Secchi depth （SD） in water （P 〈 0.05）. Only SOD activities of submersed plants were decreased with decline of SD in water （P 〈 0.001）. Our results indicate that the decline of SOD activities of submersed plants were mainly caused by light limitation, this showed a coincidence with the decline of macrophytes in eutrophic lakes, which might imply that the antioxidant system of the submersed plants were impaired under eutrophication stress.     

2009年中国实验动物产业发展论坛第一轮通知

实验动物产业化随着生物医药产业化发展而不断发展。实验动物作为生命科学研究的基础,其产业化程度已成为代表国家科学技术发展水平的重要标志。中国正在逐渐发展成为全球药物研究与开发的创新中心和新兴市场,国内外科研机构对实验动物的旺盛需求,加之国外研发外包的涌人,迫切需要实验动物和动物实验形成产业化、社会化,完善管理体系,建立产业链,提高服务能力和质量,与国际接轨。为此,中国实验动物学会决定于2009年10月在京召开2009’中国实验动物产业发展论坛,组织实验动物管理、研发、生产、使用者,从多角度,多层次探讨我国实验动物产业发展现状、趋势与对策。     

苯丙胺类药物依赖与中枢胆碱能系统关系研究进展

苯丙胺类兴奋剂滥用可致强烈精神依赖,引起精神分裂症以及认知功能损害.研究认为中枢神经胆碱能系统参与药物依赖的调控,苯丙胺类兴奋剂依赖后导致了部分脑区乙酰胆碱释放水平、囊泡转运蛋白、胆碱能受体表达以及受体功能发生了适应性的改变,并与依赖行为的表达存在一定的关系;部分胆碱能受体抑制剂可干预依赖行为的表达.目前尚未有研究证实苯丙胺类兴奋剂对胆碱能神经元有直接损害作用.本文对苯丙胺类药物依赖与中枢胆碱能系统关系的研究进展作一综述.