内蒙古三盛公渐新世古鼬(食肉目,古鼬科)新材料及系统发育关系分析

古鼬属(palaeogale)由H.von Meyer于1846年建立,欧亚大陆以及北美的晚始新世一中新世地层中均有报道。但受化石标本以及研究程度的限制,古鼬的分类位置问题一直存在争议,曾被分别归入鼬科(Mustelidae)、古灵猫科(Viverravidae)、猫科(Felidae)、古鼬科(Palaeogalidae)和猫型亚目(Feliformia)科未定等。内蒙古三盛公地区新发现了5件古鼬标本,其中IVPP V 19325(包括属于同一个体的一件残破头骨、一对近乎完整的下颌以及一些椎体和肋骨)是目前为止亚洲发现的保存最完好的标本。本文详细描述了这些新材料,并基于新材料,结合前人的图版描述,提取了古鼬的形态学性状特征用于系统发育关系分析。参考Wesley-Hunt and Flynn(2005)的系统发育关系分析,选用了共计42个类群的100个性状特征进行了分析。此外,对12个现生类群的6个基因(细胞核基因TR-i-I,TBG和IRBP;线粒体基因ND2,CYTB和12S rRNA),共计5893个碱基对进行的分子系统发育关系分析,帮助完善了古鼬的形态学系统发育关系分析结果。50%多数合意树的结果显示古鼬与鼬科及古灵猫科均无明显的亲缘关系,而是位于猫型亚目基干位置,代表了猫型亚目下一个原始的支系,可被归入古鼬科(Palaeogalidae)。同时,还厘定了古鼬科的鉴定特征。未来还需要更完整的性状数据,尤其是耳区的性状特征,来完善古鼬的系统发育关系分析。     

始新世海鸟基辅鸟(Kievornis Averianov et al.,1990)新材料及其亲缘关系的重新评估(英文)

描述了始新世基辅鸟类新标本。研究表明基辅鸟类生活在特提斯海中始新世早路特期至早巴顿期,分布范围至少包括乌克兰东部的伊克夫到中部的基辅地区。暂时将基辅鸟归人鹱形目。虽然基辅鸟具有一些鹱形目的典型特征,但缺少鹱形目的衍生特征,或许代表了近祖状态。     

基于18S rDNA和无翅基因的中国瓢蜡蝉科分子系统发育关系研究(半翅目:蜡蝉总科)（英文）

研究测定了19属33种中国瓢蜡蝉和1种外群(Paravarcia decapterix)的18S r DNA及无翅基因(Wg)部分DNA序列,并利用最大简约法(maximum parsimony,MP)和贝叶斯法(bayesian inference,BI)进行系统发育关系分析。研究结果表明:采用最大简约法和贝叶斯法2种分析方法获得的瓢蜡蝉科(Issidae)系统发育树的拓扑结构基本一致,将该科分为5个亚科:杯瓢蜡蝉亚科(Caliscelinae)、汤瓢蜡蝉亚科(Tonginae)、帕瓢蜡蝉亚科(Parahiraciinae)、球瓢蜡蝉亚科(Hemisphaeriinae)和瓢蜡蝉亚科(Issinae)。并支持将角唇瓢蜡蝉属(Eusudasina)归入球瓢蜡蝉亚科(Hemisphaeriinae)。     

中国长距野螟属二新纪录种（鳞翅目：草螟科：野螟亚科）

记述中国长距野螟属2新纪录种:红翅长距野螟Hyalobathra miniosalis(Guenée,1854)和单色长距野螟Hyalobathra unicolor(Warren,1895)。提供了成虫和雄性外生殖器特征图。研究标本保存于中山大学生物博物馆和南开大学昆虫标本馆。     

贵州省鲤形目鱼类一新纪录——大眼卷口鱼

2014年8月19—21日,在贵州省罗甸龙滩库区进行鱼类资源调查时,在一渔民的渔获物中采集到1尾鲤形目鱼类标本,经鉴定为大眼卷口鱼Ptychidio macrops,系贵州省鱼类新纪录。标本保存于黔南民族师范学院动物标本室。本文对该标本进行形态描述,并首次记述了鳍条皮褶这一独特性状。该标本与广西标本在体长/头长、头长/尾柄长、头长/尾柄高、吻须长/眼径、颌须长/眼径、流苏、肛门的位置、腹鳍基腹面特大鳞片等性状方面有一定差异。大眼卷口鱼为珍稀濒危物种,分布范围狭窄,此纪录扩大了其分布范围,也为进一步研究大眼卷口鱼和卷口鱼属这一中国特有属提供了基础资料。     

Localized treatments using commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Coptotermes formosanus （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae） in the laboratory

Use of proper application methods and formulations of termiticides are im- portant to reduce their negative impact to the environment. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of localized treatments with commercial dust and liquid formulations of fipronil against Formosan subterranean termites, Coptoter- mes formosanus Shiraki. The test arena consisted of a specially designed 16-chambered structure with a center chamber connected to 5 foraging chambers that themselves were connected to 10 additional foraging chambers. One peripheral chamber received a liquid or dust treatment and termites were released in the center chamber. Results showed that 〉 91% of the termites were dead within the 9-d test period despite the localized treatment of only 1 foraging chamber. Termites that were still alive after 9 d were transferred to an untreated dish and held for 10 more days. The majority of those termites were dead and the rest were moribund on day 19. Regardless of the specific dish treated, both formulations of fipronil were found to be highly efficacious. Termites did not exhibit repellency to either formulation. Our results suggest that localized （or spot） treatment with either commer- cially available dust or liquid formulations of fipronil can be a viable option for control of a termite infestation where complete soil drenching is not desirable.     

雄风称霸王

正瑞兽在《兽谱》中,瑞兽竟然占了近六成的比例,如此众多具有传奇色彩的瑞兽,图文并茂地集中在一部图志中,它所蕴藏的深厚的历史、政治、宗教、美学和科技等内涵,值得读者进一步挖掘与探讨。譬如中国历代统治者,往往要借助于一些超自然力量的"瑞兽"的出     

Clay preference and particle transport behavior of Formosan subterranean termites （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae）＂ A laboratory study

Although preference and utilization of clay have been studied in many higher termites, little attention has been paid to lower termites, especially subterranean termites. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, can modify its habitat by using clay to fill tree cavities. Here, the biological significance of clay on C. formosanus was investigated. Choice tests showed that significantly more termites aggre- gated in chambers where clay blocks were provided, regardless of colony group, observation period, or nutritional condition （fed or starved）. No-choice tests showed that clay had no observable effect on survivorship, live or dry biomass, water content, and tunneling activity after 33-35 d. However, clay appeared to significantly decrease filter paper consumption （dry weight loss）. Active particle （sand, paper, and clay） transport behavior was observed in both choice and no-choice tests. When present, clay was preferentially spread on the substrate, attached to the smooth surfaces of the containers, and used to line sand tunnels. Mechanisms and potential application of clay attraction are discussed.     

魔幻世界的精灵——黏菌家族

正每当你走近大自然,走进森林,那夹杂着泥土芳香的气息,那树叶随风摆动的婆娑声,那山泉水拍击着岩石的叮咚声,那鸟儿嬉戏的啁啾声……会瞬间把你拽进这大自然的生物家族。而在这里,每个家族都有着自己精细的分工,都在认真地执行着自己的任务。细细观察落下的一片树叶或倒下的一棵腐木,你会发现一群魔幻的精灵——黏菌,生物世界里的一个微小的家族。它们那柔弱但有力量的身躯,冲破时间和空间的束缚,寻找自己的一     

甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效对比分析

目的:研究甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月至2012年12月我院收治的84例结节性甲状腺肿患者,随机分为甲状腺次全切除术组(A组)和甲状腺全切除术组(B组),比较分析两组患者围手术期指标、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果:A组镇痛剂使用量、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组复发率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。并发症发生率A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿疗效相似,甲状腺次全切除术复发率更高,但并发症发生率更低。