丛枝菌根真菌修复农药污染土壤的潜力分析

<正>我国每年施用80-100多万吨化学农药(周春梅2001),主要是有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类。例如,有机磷农药年用量约20万吨,其中剧毒     

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the cabbage butterfly,Artogeia melete （Lepidoptera： Pieridae）

The complete mitochondrial genome （mitogenome） of Artogeia melete was determined as being composed of 15,140 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes （PCGs）, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region. The gene order of A. melete mitogenome is typical of Lepidoptera and differs from the insect ancestral type in the location of trnM. The A. melete mitogenome has a total of 119 bp of intergenic spacer sequences spread over 10 regions, ranging in sizes between 1 and 48 bp. The nucleotide composition of the A. melete mitogenome is also biased toward A ＋ T nucleotides （79.77%）, which is higher than that of Ochrogaster lunifer （77.84%）, but lower than nine other lepidopterans sequenced. The PCGs have typical mitochondrial start codons, except for coxl, which contains the unusual CGA. The coxl, cox2, nad2, and nad5 genes of the A. melete mitogenome have incomplete stop codons （T）. The A. melete A ＋ T-rich region contains some conserved structures that are similar to those found in other lepidopteran mitogenomes, including a structure combining the motif ‘ATAGA＇, a 19-bp poly（T） stretch, a microsatellite （AT）n element, and a 9-bp poly（A） upstream trnM. The A. melete mitogenome contains a duplicated 36-bp repeat element, which consists of a 26- bp core sequence flanked by 10-bp perfectly inverted repeats.     

蛾暗夜的精灵

这是一群顽强而执着的生命,为了追逐光明燃尽青春!这便是蛾,真正暗夜的精灵!和蝴蝶的耀眼光芒不同,大多数蛾类的颜色比较暗淡,身体较粗,翅膀较狭窄,这也许是它们不那么惹人喜爱的原因。然而,它们的适应力极强,它们有17万种同伴,几乎存在于森林中的每一寸空间。它们利用各种资源,生活区域从水中、陆地直到空中。蛾类之中,也有     

药用真菌子实体多糖SEC-HPLC图谱的相似度定量评价研究

目的:对灵芝属Ganoderma下4个种共7个菌株及灰树花Grifola frondosa和云芝Trametes versicolor共9种子实体粗多糖进行了体积排阻HPLC色谱(SEC-HPLC),并分析了相似度.方法:各样品水提物的HPLC图谱用平方欧氏距离法计算了相似度,用离差平方和法进行聚类分析.结果:灵芝属内各样品聚类距离为8,灰树花与云芝的聚类距离为16,它们与灵芝属的距离为25,说明同一灵芝属内的不同种及同种不同菌株所产生的多糖分子量分布近似度远高于来自树花菌属的灰树花或栓菌属的云芝.结论:此方法可量化描述不同多糖间SEC-HPLC的相似关系,有作为真菌多糖样品质量控制手段的潜在能力.     

线粒体通透性转移孔与青蒿素抗疟机制研究

目的:为增进对青蒿素作用机制的了解,探讨参与调节线粒体体积的线粒体通透性转移孔在青蒿素抗疟机制中的作用.方法:分离线粒体,采用分光光度法检测青蒿素能否直接作用于离体线粒体导致线粒体体积变化;利用等效应图分析线粒体通透性转移孔抑制剂是否拮抗青蒿素的抗疟作用.结果:青蒿素可以直接导致离体疟原虫线粒体肿胀,而不会影响鼠肝线粒体体积;两种不同的线粒体通透性转移孔抑制剂均可拮抗青蒿素的抑疟效果.结论:青蒿素可以直接作用于离体疟原虫线粒体导致线粒体肿胀,且青蒿素导致线粒体肿胀的物种选择性与细胞毒性的物种选择性一致.此外,利用抑制剂阻断线粒体通透性转移孔的开放可以拮抗青蒿素的抗疟效果,证明线粒体通透性转移孔在青蒿素抗疟过程中起重要作用.     

应用双重免疫组化技术研究tryptase和IL-29与食管癌的相关性

目的:探讨食管癌组织中类胰蛋白酶(tryptase)和白细胞介素-29(interleukin-29,IL-29)的表达及其与食管癌的相关性.方法:采用双重免疫组化染色方法对87例食管癌根治术标本中hyptase和129进行检测,并探讨tryptase和IL-29双重染色的表达与食管癌的组织学分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果:食管癌中tryptase的表达与食管癌组织学分级呈显著的负相关性,tryptase和IL-29双染均阳性表达与癌组织浸润深度亦呈负相关性.结论:癌间质内切印tase表达与食管癌分化程度有关.tryptase和IL-29均阳性的MC可能具有抑制食管癌生长的作用.tryptase和IL-29的表达与食管癌的生物学行为有相关性,对食管癌患者预后评估有一定的参考价值.     

Mitochondrial haplogroups associated with Japanese centenarians,Alzheimer＇s patients,Parkinson＇s patients,type 2 diabetic patients and healthy non-obese young males

The relationships between five classes of Japanese people （i.e., 96 centenarians, 96 Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） patients, 96 Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients, 96 type 2 diabetic （T2D） patients, and 96 healthy non-obese young males） and their mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism （mtSNP） frequencies at individual mtDNA positions of the entire mitochondrial genome were examined using the radial basis function （RBF） network and the modified method. New findings of mitochondrial haplogroups were obtained for individual classes. The five classes of people were associated with the following haplogroups： Japanese centenarians-M7b2, D4b2a, and B5b; Japanese AD patients-G2a, B4cl, and N9b1; Japanese PD patients-M7b2, B4e, and B5b; Japanese T2D patients-B5b, M8al, G, D4, and F1; and Japanese healthy non-obese young males-D4g and D4b1b. From the points of common haplogroups among the five classes, the cente- narians have the common haplogroups M7b2 and B5b with the PD patients and common haplogroup B5b with the T2D patients. In addition, the 112 Japanese semi-supercentenarians （over 105 years old） recently reported were also examined by the method proposed. The results obtained were the haplogroups D4a, B4c1a, M7b2, F1, M1, and B5b. These results are different from the previously reported haplogroup classifications. As the proposed analysis method can predict a person＇s mtSNP constitution and the probabilities of becoming a centenarian, AD patient, PD patient, or T2D patient, it may be useful in initial diagnosis of various diseases.     

心血管系统多肽类药物研发现状与前景

据世界卫生组织（WHO）统计,全球每年死于心血管疾病的人数超过1750万,占所有死亡人数的30％。慢性心力衰竭是心血管疾病发展至后期的一组临床综合征,是心血管疾病的主要死亡原因。据WHO统计,慢性心力衰竭的发病率高达1．5％～5．6％．65岁以下心衰患者8年死亡率超过75％,4年死亡率高达40％左右,重度心衰的年死亡率更是高于50％。     

Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 of Nosema bombycis： A marker in Microsporidian evolution

Microsporidia are a group of intracelluar eukaryotic parasites, which can infected almost all animals, including human beings. Till now, no mitochodria but mitosome, a remnant of mitochondria was discovered in this phylum. We present here the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase El （PDH, including PDHα and PDHβ） of the microsporidian Nosema bombycis, the pathogen of silkworm pebrine. Compared with PDH of microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Antonospora locustae, both subunits are eonscrced. The phylogeny indicated that both subunits are mitochondrial. The syntenic maps revealed the subunits organization of NbPDH is distributed in different scaffolds, similar to that of EcPDH but different with AIPDH, and the relationship between phylogeny tree and organization of PDH suggest that the AlPDH subunits organization is the ancestral style of microsporidia, and through the genome evolution, the reshuffling of the chromosome of microsporidia occurred, the adjacent style of ALPDHE1 organization changed, and the two subunits separated and located to different chromosomes in E. cuniculi. For N. bombycis and N. ceranae, they locate to different scaffolds. In order to determine NbPDH subcellular localizations, we prepared the polyclonal antibodies against NbPDH prokaryotic fusion proteins, and adopted the colloidal gold immunological electron microscopy, the expression signals of NbPDH were observed in spores however, the subcellular localization were not definited. In general, through comparison of three mierosporidian PDH molecular phylogeny, subunits organization in chromosomes, localization indicated that PDH is an interesting marker in microsporidia evolution     

羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区晚二叠世古生物新资料

首次在北羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区测制了多条晚二叠世地层剖面,并采获丰富的古生物化石。将区内二叠系划分为那益雄组和拉卜查日组两个正式组级地层单位。描述了新发现的一个类新种和四个海绵类新种,建立了两个类生物带,即Codonofusiella-Gallowayinellalaxa组合带及Palaeofusulinasinensis延限带,一个非有孔虫组合带,即Colaniellanana-Robuloidesacutus组合带。其地质年代为晚二叠世长兴期。