中西医结合治疗蝮蛇咬伤合并呼吸衰竭21例护理观察

目的 探讨蝮蛇咬伤合并呼吸衰竭的有效护理措施,以提高患者的治愈率.方法 对我院收治的21例蝮蛇咬伤合并呼吸衰竭的患者给予规范外治方法和中西医辨证施治,同时及时处理呼吸衰竭,加强气道管理,并进行相应的护理对策.结果 21例患者中,治愈18例,致残1例,死亡2例,有效率90.5%.结论 合理治疗及有效的护理可促进蝮蛇咬伤合并呼吸衰竭患者的康复,降低死亡率.     

危重型蝮蛇咬伤患者在ICU的治疗体会

目的 探讨危重型蝮蛇咬伤患者在ICU的治疗要点.方法对我院近年来收治的36例危重型蝮蛇咬伤患者在ICU监护治疗的临床资料进行分析.结果 36例中,30例痊愈,6例无效.结论 危重型蝮蛇咬伤患者要重视基础疾病的追查与治疗,及时进行重症监测,充分应用现代医学急救技术,同时要发挥中医药的治疗优势和防治后遗症.     

蝮蛇毒诱导小鼠急性肾损伤的研究

目的观察蝮蛇毒诱导小鼠急性肾损伤肾脏病理变化特点,为肾损伤的防治提供理论依据。方法将小鼠分为N组（正常对照组）、L组（蛇毒低剂量组,0.50 mg/kg）、H组（蛇毒高剂量组,2.00 mg/kg）,每组按时相点又分为3、6、244、8 h四个亚组。96只小鼠随机分配到各亚组,采取肌注蝮蛇毒的方式建立动物模型。结果 SCr值,L组24 h升高（P〈0.05）,48 h下降（P〈0.05）;H组持续升高（P〈0.05）。光镜下肾损伤病理评分,L组6 h开始升高（P〈0.05）,48 h下降（P〈0.05）;H组3 h开始持续升高（P〈0.05）。SCr与光镜下,肾损伤病理评分呈正相关（L组：r=0.883,P〈0.01;H组：r=0.891,P〈0.01）。结论 SCr在一定条件下能反映肾损伤的严重程度,但急性肾损伤的发生早于SCr升高;急性肾损伤的严重程度与蝮蛇毒的剂量呈正相关。     

蝮蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤模型的建立

目的探索一种建立蝮蛇毒致肾损伤动物模型的方法。方法将清洁级12周龄雄性昆明小鼠72只,随机分为9组,每组8只,A、B、C组为不同时间的对照组（A-3h,B-3d,C-5d）;D、E、F组为蝮蛇毒1mg／kg肌注组（D-3h,E-3d,F-5d）;G、H、I组为蝮蛇毒2mg／kg肌注组（G-3h,H-3d,I-5d）。按照分组要求计算每组小鼠中每只小鼠需肌注的蝮蛇毒的总量．配制2种不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液．D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠分别肌注不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液0．15ml,A、B、C组小鼠右臀部注射生理盐水0．15ml以进行对照。结果肌注蝮蛇毒后的小鼠均出现中毒症状,但各组小鼠均无死亡。E、F、H、I组小鼠的肾功能与正常对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠均有如下病理学改变：肾被膜下出血．肾皮质充血．肾小球充血。肾小囊扩大．肾小管周围毛细血管充血．肾小管肿胀。小管细胞变性等。结论肌注蝮蛇毒是一种建立蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤动物模型的较好方法。     

江浙蝮蛇抗栓酶对兔缺血心肌电生理学变化的影响

本研究观察了江浙蝮蛇抗栓酶(svate)对缺血心肌电生理学变化的影响。结果表明,静脉注射svate,使阻断冠脉后兔血小板聚集功能和心脏电生理各指标变化明显减轻。缺血50min时,血小板聚集率仅增加4±13％,静息电位减小15.8±0.1％,动作电位幅度降低17.8±0.1％,复极化50％和90％时程分别缩短12.3±0.1％及延长4±0.1％,不应期差值为4.2±7.8％,室颤阈(VFT)降低15.4±8.1％,与单纯阻断组各参数的百分率变化相比,p值均<0.01,证明svate具有改善有效不应期和提高VFT的作用。     

江浙蝮蛇（Agkistrodon halys Pallas）毒的抑菌作用及其抑菌组 …

This paper reports the venom from Agkistrodon halys Pallas have inhibitory activity against fungi and E. coli by tested in a disc diffusion assay. An antibacterial component--LAO from the venom were purified to homogeneous. It had not only antibacterial effect, but L-amino acid oxidase activity. And its enzymatic specific activity was 808 U/mg. The venom had at least 3 antibacterial components (I, II, III) as determined by acid polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis, LAO is the antibaterial components II.     

Age-related Variation in Snake Venom： Evidence from Two Snakes （Naja atra and Deinagkistrodon acutus） in Southeastern China

In this study we explored electrophoretic profiles, enzymatic activities and immunoreactivity of neonate and adult venoms from two snakes （Naja atra and Deinagkistrodon acutus） coexisting in southeastern China. Age-related variation in electrophoretic profiles was found in both species and proteolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity was higher in neonate than adult venoms. Neonate D. acutus venom had higher 5＇ nucleotidase, PLA2, hyaluronidase and gelatinolytie activity, but lower esterolytic activity, than adult venom. Neonate and adult D. acutus venoms showed identical phosphomonoesterase, LAO and fibrinolytic activities. Neonate N. atra venom had higher phosphomonoesterase and LAO activity, but lower 5＇ nucleotidase, PLA2, hyaluronidase and Ache activities than adult venom. Neonate and adult N. atra venoms showed similar gelatinolytic activity. Further, age-dependent immunoreactivity was found in both species, and cross-reactions between homologous venoms and antiserums were closely related to venom composition. We speculate that age-related variation in venom characteristics is possibly driven by evolutionary forces associated with ontogenetic shifts in dietary habits, competition and predation pressure.     

尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究Ⅱ.酶学与血液学活的研究

对四个凝血酶样成分（TLP）的酶学性质的比较研究表明，它们都具有凝结（血）活性和精氨酸酯酶活性。其凝结活力TLP[4]>TLP[3]>TLP[1]>TLP[2]，Ca[++]有激活作用，但不被肝素、EDTA所抑制；精氨酸酯酶活力以TLP[1]、TLP[2]较高，Ca[++]、EDTA无明显的激活或抑制作用；TLP[1]对热比较稳定，TLP[4]对于酸碱变化比较稳定。经动物体内试验表明，TLP[1]、TLP[2]具有较强的去纤抗凝作用，TLP[3]、TLP[4]不显示抗凝作用，而显示出较强的促凝血作用。结果表明，尖吻蝮蛇毒美洲矛头蝮蛇毒一样，同时含有去纤酶（Defibrase）和蛇毒凝血酶（Hemocoagulaes）。这一结果对该蛇毒的研究与应用是很意义的。