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排序方式: 共有217条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
21.
瘿绵蚜科系统发育研究(同翅目:蚜总科) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用支序分析的方法对瘿绵蚜科的系统发育进行了探讨。研究结果表明,传统的倍蚜族Schlechtendalini、五节根蚜族Fordini和瘿绵蚜族Pemphigini 是单系群,传统的 卷叶绵蚜族Prociphilini 和四脉绵蚜族Tetraneurini是并系群。在瘿绵蚜科的三个亚科中,瘿绵蚜亚科与五节根蚜亚科亲缘关系比与绵蚜亚科更近。另外,根据支序分析结果,建议将丽绵蚜属Formosaphis从瘿绵蚜亚科移入五节根蚜亚科中。 相似文献
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甘肃省蚜虫类物种多样性研究 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8
在已有标本采集记录和资料的基础上,从分类阶元、寄主植物、寄生部位、动物地理区系的角度探讨了甘肃省蚜虫类的物种多样性。结果表明甘肃省蚜虫种类丰富,已知9科90属220种;分布在华北区、蒙新区、青藏区、华中区和西南区,其中华北区、蒙新区和青藏区的种类最为丰富,因此甘肃省蚜虫区系以古北界成分为主;寄主植物种类繁多,已知有46科111属;寄生部位多样化,以叶片和茎为主要为害部位。另外就甘肃省所处地理位置的特殊性,初步讨论了在不同地理区划交界处物种生物多样性所受的影响。 相似文献
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中国蚜虫类昆虫物种多样性与分布特点(半翅目,蚜总科) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了蚜虫类昆虫在中国的物种多样性、区系成分和分布特点.基于多年的标本采集记录和已发表文献,建立了中国蚜虫物种数据库和中国蚜虫地理分布数据库.应用GIS的空间分析功能对中国蚜虫的地理分布和分布密度进行了分析.结果表明中国记录蚜虫类昆虫268属1 099种/亚种,其中特有种518种,占中国蚜虫物种总数的47.1%.中国蚜虫的区系成分十分复杂,主要分为9种类型,其中以典型古北种、典型东洋种、跨古北界和东洋界分布的物种为主,同时与新北界、澳洲界的关系也较为密切.在自然地理区划上,蚜虫在中国东部地区的分布多于西部地区,中部地区多于南北两端.基于物种多样性和分布密度,确定了蚜虫在中国的5个多样性中心,即甘南山地、横断山区、天山山地、东部平原和台湾岛. 相似文献
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Christoph Vorburger 《Entomologia Sinica》2014,(3):251-264
Abstract Aphids may harbor a wide variety of facultative bacterial endosymbionts. These symbionts are transmitted maternally with high fidelity and they show horizontal trans-mission as well, albeit at rates too low to enable infectious spread. Such symbionts need to provide a net fitness benefit to their hosts to persist and spread. Several symbionts haveachieved this by evolving the ability to protect their hosts against parasitoids. Reviewing empirical work and some models, I explore the evolutionary ecology of symbiont-conferredresistance to parasitoids in order to understand how defensive symbiont frequencies are maintained at the intermediate levels observed in aphid populations. I further show thatdefensive symbionts alter the reciprocal selection between aphids and parasitoids by augmenting the heritable variation for resistance, by increasing the genetic specificity of thehost-parasitoid interaction, and by inducing environment-dependent trade-offs. These effects are conducive to very dynamic, symbiont-mediated coevolution that is driven by frequency-dependent selection. Finally I argue that defensive symbionts represent a problem for biological control of pest aphids, and I propose to mitigate this problem byexploiting the parasitoids' demonstrated ability to rapidly evolve counteradaptations to symbiont-conferred resistance. 相似文献
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Seasonal occurrence of Aphis glycines and physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of soybean in China. To monitor and manage this pest effectively it is neces-sary to understand its population dynamics and demographics, as well as the physiological responses of soybean plants to its feeding. In this study, using field surveying and suction-trap monitoring, we investigated the population dynamics of the soybean aphid in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province in northeastern China during 2009-2012. The results indicatedthat the population dynamics of the soybean aphid followed a unimodal curve distribution, with the insect generally colonizing soybean fields from the middle of June to early Julyand the population reaching a peak between early July and early August. On the whole, soybean aphids occurred in suction-traps at least 2 weeks earlier than they were foundin field surveys. A total of 72 alates were collected by suction-trapping over the 4 years, with the earliest alate captures occurring on 28 May in 2009, 2011, 2012 and 4 June in 2010. The life table parameters clearly showed that this aphid had a short doubling time (4.73 ± 0.21 days), and 7.36± 0.98 nymphs were produced by a soybean aphid adult during its lifetime (13.57 ± 0.30 days). Finally, biochemical assays indicated that the amount of malondialdehyde and the activities of four defense-related enzymes in soybean leavessignificantly changed between 0 day and 7 days of aphid infestation. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) activities increased more dramatically after 1 day of aphid feed-ing. In addition, significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase and CAT were found after aphid feeding for 7 days, whereas there was no significant change in the activitiesof peroxidase and PPO. Consequently, this study will be beneficial in determining the seasonal occurrence of the soybean aphid and selecting insect-resistant soybean varieties,and thus in developing a theoretical framework for appropriate management strategies. 相似文献
30.
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are a group of phloemfeeding insects numbering more than 5 000 extant species(Favret, 2014a). Most species have complex life cycles that include both asexual (viviparous parthenogenesis)and sexual reproduction. They display a high degree of intraspecific polyphenism with multiple phenotypes froman identical genotype, and they have specialized associations with their host plants (Blackman & Eastop, 2000).Some aphid species are gall-makers and even have evolved sociality with division of labor (Aoki, 1977; Stern &Foster, 1996). Many aphid species are agricultural and forestry pests. They incur damage to plants and carryvector plant viruses (Blackman & Eastop, 2000). Due to their fascinating biological character and economic importance, aphids have long been popular animals for research in basic and applied biology, and are becominguseful research models for studying important questions in ecology and evolution, especially in the genomic era(Brisson & Stem, 2006; Huang & Qiao, 2006; Srinivasan & Brisson, 2012). 相似文献