“城-郊-乡”森林生态样带植被变化梯度分析

沿纽约市“市区－郊区－农区”１４０ｋｍ森林生态样带,对９个样地１９个样方的森林植被进行了研究。植被组成和结构沿样带变化明显,分异出城区森林、郊区森林和农区森林等不同类型,优势种替代明显,植物种类也形成了不同的生态类型。植被的梯度变化与人类活动密切相关,城市化对植被有重要影响。森林生态样带是研究人类活动对植被影响的好手段。     

长白落叶松激素含量与生长的关系及在早期选择中的应用

用间接酶联免疫吸附法测定了不同季节不同种源长白落叶松激素含量。结果表明：不同季节长白落叶松的激素含量不同,速生期长白落叶松赤霉素、生长素和细胞分裂素含量高,脱落酸含量低,赤霉素／脱落酸比值大,生长缓慢期测定结果恰好相反。各类激素含量在不同种源长白落叶松间的变异显著,且与生长性状的差异密切相关。生长快的种源赤霉素,细胞分裂素含量高,脱落酸含量低,赤霉素／脱落酸之比大。生长慢的种源则相反。回归分析表明     

Abiotic Stress Tolerance： From Gene Discovery in Model Organisms to Crop Improvement

Productive and sustainable agriculture necessitates growing plants in sub-optimal environments with less input of precious resources such as fresh water. For a better understanding and rapid improvement of abiotic stress tolerance, it is important to link physiological and biochemical work to molecular studies in genetically tractable model organisms. With the use of several technologies for the discovery of stress tolerance genes and their appropriate alleles, transgenic approaches to improving stress tolerance in crops remarkably parallels breeding principles with a greatly expanded germplasm base and will succeed eventually.     

Effects of forest gap size on litter recalcitrant components of two tree species in Pinus massoniana plantations

Aims The objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of recalcitrant components during foliar litter decomposition at different forest gap size in Pinus massoniana plantation in the low hilly land, Sichuan basin. Methods The experiment was set up by thinning P. massoniana plantation to establish seven different gap sizes (G1: 100 m², G2: 225 m², G3: 400 m², G4: 625 m², G5: 900 m², G6: 1225 m², G7: 1600 m²). The contents of four recalcitrant components (condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin, cellulose) in foliar litter of two native species (Cinnamomum camphora and Toona ciliata) placed in litterbags at different locations in the forest gaps were evaluated. The litterbags placed under closed canopy were used as the control. Litterbags with air-dried leaves of C. camphora and T. ciliata were placed at center, edge of the gap and under the closed canopy in November 2013, and collected in December 2013, February 2014, May 2014 and August of 2014 for lab analysis. Important findings The results showed that: 1) Forest gap size had significant effect on the content of condensed tannins, total phenol and lignin for T. ciliata in gap center. However, the forest gap size had no significant effect on the content of recalcitrant components in the litters of C. camphora and cellulose content of T. ciliata. With the increase of gap size, except for cellulose content, the other three recalcitrant components content in small and medium sized gaps (G1-G5) were significant lower than in large gaps (G6, G7). 2) The condensed tannis content of T. ciliata at the gap center were significant lower than at the gap edge. The lignin contents at gap center of G3 was significant reduced in the C. camphora litter. The condensed tannins, total phenol, and lignin contents of T. ciliata litter in small and medium gaps significantly decreased. 3) The contents of the four recalcitrant components in both species’ foliar litter changed with time. The contents of condensed tannins and cellulose decreased and the content of lignin increased significantly with time, however, the total phenol content increased initially, and then decreased. Therefore, small and medium sized gaps (100-900 m²) could be the optimal gap sizes to promote the degradation of litter recalcitrant components for two native species in P. massoniana plantations.     

ISAAA信息

<正>2014年是转基因作物商业化的第19年,转基因作物种植面积持续增加。28个国家(20个发展中国家,8个发达国家)的1 800万农民种植了1.81亿公顷(4.48亿英亩)的转基因作物,比2013年27个国家的1.75亿公顷有所增长。中国转基因作物种植面积世界排名第6位,种植面积为390万公顷,种植的转基因作物包括棉花、木瓜、白杨、番茄、甜椒。孟加拉国是种植转基因作物的新成员。2013年10月,孟加拉国首次批准了Bt茄子的种植,小农户们于     

《BMC进化生物学》：喝酒脸红可能与水稻种植相关

为什么亚洲人喝了酒。脸就容易红？中科院昆明动物研究所最近刊发的一项研究结果认为．原因得归咎于水稻在亚洲的普及。他们认为,新时期时代中国水稻等农作物的驯化导致了人类食物结构的变化,继而导致了某种基因突变。使得容易出现所谓的“亚洲红”,不过,也有科学家对此研究持保留态度。     

玉米喇叭口追肥法的进一步探究

<正>1.发现问题和提出问题在进行"探究玉米的喇叭口施肥法"中,学生知道从喇叭口施入的尿素被玉米吸收了。喇叭口追肥确实是一种根外追肥法,比穴施法更增产,可最近两年推广的是全膜覆盖种植技术,此方法不用穴施法追肥,于是部分学生产     

基于灰色关联度分析的辽西地区典型种植模式评价

不同种植模式评价是当今种植制度研究中的热点之一,针对辽西地区自然特点和种植模式混杂多样的现状,在多年试验研究和专家问卷调查的基础上,采用灰色关联度分析方法对辽西地区6种典型种植模式进行了评价。结果表明:无论是在等权关联度下还是在侧重生态环境指标或经济指标的变权重下,南果梨+南瓜种植模式与参考模式的关联度均为最大,分别为0.867、0.920和0.841,南果梨+花生种植模式次之,说明南果梨+南瓜‖花生的林粮间作模式的生态和经济效益最好,是辽西地区发展种植业的最佳模式,玉米/大豆间作模式的关联度最小,分别为0.848、0.901和0.821,这种模式的生态和经济效益最差。该研究结果对保护辽西地区生态环境,发展多熟立体农业,推动该区域的社会经济与环境的协调发展提供了理论依据。     

茂兰喀斯特森林林隙幼苗出现的时空格局

通过4次对茂兰自然保护区喀斯特森林林隙内种子的天然萌发情况进行观测,分析了林隙内幼苗的萌发数量、存活率及幼苗出现的时空分布格局。结果发现：林隙中大多数萌发的幼苗存活率均较高,平均存活率达50%以上,林隙的形成,不但提高了喀斯特森林树种的萌发率,也提高了幼苗的存活率。林隙中心、近中心、林隙边缘各区域幼苗的密度存在显著的空间差异,山拐枣（Poliothyrsis sinensis）、多脉榆（Ulmus castaneifolia）等树种在林隙中心幼苗密度最大,圆果化香（Platycarya longipes）、翅荚香槐（Cladrastis platycarpa）、圆叶乌桕（Sapium rotundifolium）、掌叶木（Handeliodendron bodinieri）、黄连木（Pistacia chinen-sis）和云贵鹅耳枥（Carpinus pubescens）等树种在林隙近中心幼苗密度最大,而樟叶槭（Acercinnamomifolium）、球核荚蒾（Viburnumpropinquum）、小叶青冈（Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia）、轮叶木姜子（Litsea verticillata）等则在林隙边缘光照较弱的地方生长良好。幼苗出现的时间分布特征明显,整个观察期幼苗都持续萌发,但大多数树种幼苗出现在第2观测期（3月）,幼苗出现数目从第2次到后面的几次观察期显著下降。林隙3个区域幼苗出现不是同步的,林隙中心的幼苗出现最快,与其它两个部位相比,林隙边缘的幼苗出现有滞后现象。研究结果表明林隙中心的环境条件有利于种子萌发,但林隙近中心却更利于幼苗存活。     

佛司可林类成分的光谱特征(四)

二萜佛司可林I、J、K、L,已从毛喉鞘蕊花分离得到。本文根据一维和二维的核磁共振谱详细描述了它们的光谱特征,二萜佛司可林K、L是首次报道。