秋水仙碱对褐飞虱精细胞染色体的影响

褐飞虱(Nilaparvata tugens Stal)是水稻上主要的害虫之一,探索诱变染色体技术来控制褐飞虱的繁殖和为害,目前在国内外尚未见报道,现将研究结果报告如下。     

水稻幼穗组培及白化苗的电镜观察

木文报道了五份水稻材料的幼穗组培的诱导率和分化率,对继代８次后的幼穗愈伤分化出的白苗和绿苗及其各自的愈伤进行电镜扫描,发现白苗的质体结构不完整,不能正常合成叶绿素。     

Forskolin对成骨样细胞蛋白激酶C及三磷酸肌醇的影响

Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ（ＦＳＫ）是一种植物二萜类化合物,为腺苷酸环化酶的特异激活剂,实验发现：ＦＳＫ和作为参照的诱导分化剂维甲酸（ＲＡ）单独或联合应用均可升高胞浆蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性,并降低膜ＰＫＣ活性,ＦＳＫ可使表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）诱导的细胞内三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ３－１,４,５）水平降低至对照组的４４．４％至６７％;ＦＳＫ与ＲＡ合用可显著降低成骨样细胞特征蛋白碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）的活性。以上结果表明,ＦＳＫ对成骨样细胞内磷脂酰肌醇信息传递体系有深刻影响,可能与其调节细胞的增殖分化有关。     

小麦提型不育系和杂交种种子生活力遗传改良初探

本试验共选用了4个提型不育系(A系)及其保持系(B系)、4个恢复系(R系)及其川7B/R4份F~1|代材料,用不同遗传背景的B、R系及川7B/R材料与A系杂交,种子成熟时收获干燥考种,度过休眠期后进行发芽试验。结果表明,父本对F~0|种子千粒重存在胚乳直感现象;川3A、川4A与其它B系杂交,其F~0|种子的千粒重、饱满度、发芽率和发芽势均有不同程度的提高;川4A×R和川6A×R的杂种种子千粒重多分别比川4A×川7B/R和川6A×川7B/R的高,但前种组合(A×R)的种子发芽和发芽率远不如后一种组合(A×川7B /R)的种子,且前种组合的穗发芽率也较高。作者认为,利用A系与农艺性状相近、但遗传背景各异的B系杂交,或在R系中输入抗提型细胞质负影响的高种子生活力基因, 是提高A系和杂交种种子生活力的值得注意的途径。 Abstract:The objective of this paper is trying to grope for ways of improving sced viability of A-line and hybrid in wheat with T.timopheevi cytoplasm.Four A lines and their B lines,4 restorers (R line) and 4 crosses of Chuan 7B/R were used.The combinations of A×B,A×R and A×Chuan 7B/R were madc,and 1 000-grain weight (GW),rate of pre-harvest sprouting(RPHS),germinating energy(GE) and germination percentage (GP) of their F0 seeds were investigated.The results showed that the GW,full weight,GE and GP of the seeds of Chuan 3A and 4A×other B lines were higher than those of Chuan 3A×3B and chuan 4A×4B;although the GW of Chuan 4A and 6A×R were heavier than those of Chuan 4A and 6A×Chuan 7B/R,the GE and GP of the latter crosses increased largely and their RPHScs were less.Therefore,it was considered as effective ways for improvement on seed viability,that A lines cross with other B lines having different genetic background but similar agronomic characters and that the gene(s) concerning high seed viability were transferred into restorers.     

一种水稻卷叶性状的遗传分析

对水稻卷叶品种流岗卷叶粳与4个平展叶品种及1个卷叶标志基因(rl3)系的杂交或回交后代进行了考察。结果表明,流岗卷叶粳的卷叶特性以单基因不完全显性方式遗传; 该基因与rl3基因不等位,当rl3位点处于隐性纯合时两者以累加方式发生互作。这一等位基因可作标志基因使用,暂定名为Rl(t)。 Abstract:Liugangjuanyejing is a rolled leaf mutant of rice.A genetic study on the rolled-leaf character was carried out by crossing it with four flat-leaf cultivars and a genetic marker line (with a rolled-leaf allele rl3).The results showed that this character was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene which was non-allelic to rl3 locus and that there existed additive effect between the two loci when the rl3 locus was homozygous recessiveness.This new rolled-leaf allele was provisionally named as Rl(t) and could be used as a genetic marker of rice.     

利用固定化酵母细胞转化反式肉桂酸生产L-苯丙氨酸

研究了探红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)的培养基成分、培养固定化及转化条件。实验表明最佳培养基成分(％)：葡萄糖0 5,胰蛋白胨0．5,酵母膏0．5,磷酸二氢钾0．05,L-Phe0．05,pH．0,30℃,20L发酵罐中培养15～17h.最佳固定化条件为：用2．5％卡拉胶包埋18％的湿菌体。最佳转化条件为：1．0％反式肉桂酸,4mol／L铵离子,pH10．5,30℃。用卡拉胶固定化的深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra)可以将77．7％的反式肉桂酸转化为L-苯丙氪酸。     

2-酮-L-古龙酸还原酶分离纯化及其理化、酶学性质的研究

从发酵Ｌ山梨糖的Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ和Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ２９８０混和菌株的无细胞抽提液中分离到了２酮Ｌ古龙酸还原酶（ＫＧＲ）,测得其分子量为９０ｋＤａ。动力学性质研究表明它为一个典型的ＭｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓＭｅｎｔｅｎ氏酶,对２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸作用的Ｋ_ｍ值为３.４２×１０^－３ｍｏｌ,最适作用ｐＨ为６.５,最适作用温度为３０℃。２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶的合成不受Ｌ-山梨糖和２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸的诱导,故推测２-酮-Ｌ-古龙酸还原酶是Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｏｘｙｄａｎｓ的一个组成酶。     

ABA,NAA诱导水稻胚性愈伤组织的研究

ＡＢＡ和ＮＡＡ联合使用能有效地诱导水稻原生质体再生的愈伤组织向胚性发展。通过液体浅层培养由原生质体得到的愈伤性发展。通过液体浅层培养由原生质体得到的愈伤组织,在含ＡＢＡ和ＮＡＡ的Ｎ８培养基上培养一段时间,可以诱导原来呈非胚性状态的愈伤组织形成胚性愈伤组织,并在含ＺＴ的Ｎ６分化培养基上产生绿点。通过对这两种愈伤组织的生化分析,表明二者在游离氨基酸、ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ、核酸及蛋白质含量等方面,特别是ＳＤＳ     

球形红杆菌积累聚β-羟基链烷酸(PHA)的研究

通过对球形红杆菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)生长和积累聚卢-羟基链烷酸(PHA)条件的研究,确定采用两段培养法提高PHA的产量。第一阶段提供适合菌体生长的条件:以葡萄糖作碳源,尿素为氮源,光照微好氧培养。第二阶段则提供使菌体积累PHA的条件:补加乙酸钠厌氧光照培养。经两段培养后菌体PHA含量可占细胞干重的45％,PHA产量每升发酵液可达1.7g。