版纳鱼螈和双带鱼螈核型的比较研究

本文对版纳鱼螈的核型作了观察,并与双带鱼螈进行了比较。两者的核型基本一致,均为2n=42,但版纳鱼螈的NF=62,而双带鱼螈的NF=60;版纳鱼螈的染色体有中部着丝粒、亚中部着丝粒和端部着丝粒三种类型,而双带鱼螈则无亚中部着丝粒的染色体。     

脉冲凝胶电泳系统及其应用

脉冲凝胶电泳系统是近年来发展起来的一种分离大分子染色体DNA的新型电泳技术。本文介绍了该技术的基本原理以及各种脉冲凝胶电泳系统,并比较了各个系统的优缺点。简要介绍了该技术在酵母、寄生虫以及高等动物染色体DNA的核型分析与基因定位中的应用。     

贵州苏铁的核型分析

本文报道了贵州苏铁(Cycas guizhouensis)的染色体数目及核型,并与攀枝花苏铁(C.panzhihuaensis)、苏铁(C.revoluta)、华南苏铁(C.rumphii),拳叶苏铁(C.circinalis)和C.media等的核型进行了比较,讨论了苏铁属植物不同核型的进化趋势,提出了苏铁属植物的两种地理分布核型,即1.北回归线以北为K(2n)=22=2m+4sm+4st+12T包括贵州苏铁和攀枝花苏铁;2.北回归线及其以南为K(2n)=22=4m+8st+10T,包括苏铁、华南苏铁、拳叶苏铁和C.media。     

新船叶藓的核型分析

新船叶藓Neodolichomitra robusta(Broth．)Nog．为东亚特有种,其配子体茎尖细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体数为n＝5,核型为K(n)＝5＝4V+1J或K(n)＝5＝4 m+1 sm,在核型分类中属于“2A”型。该研究结果为国内外首次报道。     

大绒鼠的分带核型研究

本文采用G带、C带和银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)等技术,对大绒鼠(Eothe nomys miletus miletus)的核型进行观察分析。结果表明:2n=56,常染色体和性染色体皆为单臂染色体。X染色体的长度接近于No.1染色体,Y染色体的长度相当于14号染色体。G分带可鉴别每对染色体的特征,C-带核型中全部着丝点C带均显示不同程度的阳性。Y染色体整条呈阳性。Ag-NORs有5对,分别分布于1、2、6、14和27号染色体的着丝粒附近。通过核型分析,对大绒鼠的分类地位进行了初步探讨。     

德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及其相关种的脉冲电泳核型比较分析

摘要:用CHEF(钳位均匀电场)脉冲电泳系统分析了德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及两个相关种的脉冲电泳核型。对每个分类群的染色体条数,染色体DNA的分子量大小范围及整个基因组大小作出了估算,结果如下:Debaryomyces hansenii(Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij var. hansenii具有6-7条染色体,分子量范围为1.2-2.6(个别3.5)Mb,整个基因组大小为I 0.6-14.9Mb;D. hansenii var. fabryi (Ota) Nakase et Suzuki具有7条染色体,分子量范围为0.7-2.4M b,整个基因组大小为12.0-12.7Mb;D. nepalensis Goto et Sugiyama具有6-8条染色体,分子量范围为(个别0.2)1.1-2.7Mb,整个基因组大小为10.6-11.0Mb;Candida saitoana Nakase et Suzuki具有10-11条染色体,分子量范围为0.6-3.6Mb,整个基因组大小为18.1-18.9Mb.本研究表明C. saitoana与上述德巴利酵母属的三个分类群在脉冲电泳核型上具有明显差异,而后三者之间在染色体DNA带型上却没有发现有价值的区别之处.     

Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes：Endopolygalacturonase,ACC oxidase and ACC synthase from apple（Malus x domestica） in an apple rootstock A106（Malus sieboldii

The apple rootstock,A106(Malus sieboldii),had 17 bivalents in pollen mother cells at meiotic metaphase 1,and 17 chromosomes in a haploid pollen cell.Karyotypes were prepared from root-tip cells with 2n=34 chromosomes,Seven out of 82 karyotypes(8.5%) showed one pari of satellites at the end of the short arm of chromosome 3.C-bands were shown on 6 pairs of chromosomes 2,4,6,8,14,and 16 near the telomeric regions of short arms.Probes for three ripening-related genes from Malus x domestica:endopolygalacturonase(EPG,0.6kb),ACC oxidase(1.2kb),and ACC synthase(2kb)were hybridized in situ to metaphase chromosomes of A106.Hybridization sites for the EPG gene were observed on the long arm of chromosome 14 in 15 out of 16 replicate spreads and proximal to the centromere of chromosomes 6 and 11.For the ACC oxidase gene,hylridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosomes 5 and 11 in 87% and 81% of 16 spreads respectively,proxiaml to the centromere of chromosome 1 in 81% of the spreads,and on the long arm of chromosome 13 in 50% of the spreads. Physical mapping of three fruit ripening genes in an apple rootstock A106.Twenty five spreads were studied for the ACC synthase gene and hybridization sites were observed in the telomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 12 in 96% of the spreads.chromosomes 9 and 10 in 76% of the spreads,and chromosome 17 in 56% of the spreads.     

Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sequences in an apple rootstock using a digoxygenin detection system

A 6kb rDNA probe comprising the 18S coding plus spacer sequences has been hybridized to the metaphase chromosomes of apple rootstock cultivar MM106 demonstrating the localization of ribosomal gene arrays in the vicinity of the telomeric regions of the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 14.The in situ results using digoxygenin labelling coupled to an alkaline phosphatase immunoassay were confirmed by silver staining for NORs and nucleoli.This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular cytogenetic analysis of very small chromosomes(1.0-2.7μm） of apple.     

金钱松（属）的细胞分类学研究

我国特有植物金钱松Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｒｉｘａｍａｂｉｌｌｓ的体细胞染色体数目为２ｎ＝４４,不同于ｎ＝１２（Ｍｉｙａｋｅ＆Ｙａｓｕｉ,１９１１）和２ｎ＝２４（Ｄｕｎｉｅｕ－Ｖａｂｒｅ,１９６１）的结果。核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４４＝４ｓｍ＋４０ｔ）４ＳＣ）属３Ｂ类型,与Ｋ（ｎ）＝２２＝２ｍ＋２０ｔ（Ｓａｘ＆Ｓａｘ,１９３３）和Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４４＝４ｓｍ＋４０ｔ（Ｈｉｚｕｍｅ１９８８）有差异。染色体相对长度组成为＝４４＝４Ｌ＋１２Ｍ＿２＋２６Ｍ＿１＋２Ｓ。金钦松（属）不仅在染色体数目（２ｎ＝４４）和核型（具２０对端着丝粒染色体）而且它的一些形态、解剖学和植化性状与所有松科其它各属不同。另外,它的一系列形态、解剖、孢粉、生化、植化和古植物学特征显然表明把该属与落叶松属、雪松属一起组成落叶松亚科是不适宜的。因此似乎有理由把金钱松从该亚科分出并建立一个单型的金钱松新亚科。本文还对金钱松（属）核型可能由近缘的铁杉属起源和进化而来作了讨论。