江南桤木(Alnus trabeculosa)的花粉形态与其生态因子

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对产自安徽省岳西县鹞落坪国家自然保护区的桦木科江南桤木的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明花粉粒圆球形至近球形,花粉大小为22.5—35.0μm,平均为31.5μm。赤道面观近扁球形,极面观为四角形或五角形。光学显微镜下,4-5孔,孔的结构特殊,内、外层到孔边分离,形成显著的孔室。在光切面看,外层在孔处加厚,孔间带状加厚。同时,在扫描电镜下,萌发孔沿赤道排列,为短萌发孔,萌发孔长轴3.2μm,短轴为1.5μm,其长轴约为短轴的2倍。外壁厚为2.0μm,外壁外层明显厚于内层。外壁纹饰在光学显微镜为不明显的颗粒排列为细条纹,扫描电镜下为微刺。在透射电镜下,花粉壁分为明显的四层,即:覆盖层、柱状层、基层和内层;覆盖层有刺状纹饰等。同时研究了江南桤木花粉的地理分布及其与生态因子的关系。根据江南桤木植物赖以生存的生态因子,得出江南桤木花粉分布区的主要生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境,为利用地层中桦木科化石花粉重建古气候、古环境及气候变迁提供了现代孢粉学资料和依据,也为该植物的现代地理分布提供了科学依据。     

Survival of boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） adults after feeding on pollens from various sources

The survival of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis （Boheman）, adults on non-cotton hosts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley （LRGV） of Texas was examined from 2001 to 2006. The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, which was reintroduced into the LRGV in 2005, depends on controlling overwintering boll weevil populations. Laboratory studies were conducted using boll weevil adults that were captured in pheromone traps from September through March. The number of adults captured per trap declined significantly in the field from fall to the beginning of spring （3.5-7.0-fold）. The proportion of trapped males and females did not differ significantly. The mean weight of boll weevil adults captured in September was 13.3 mg, while those of captured adults from November to February were significantly lower and ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 mg. Our results show that boll weevil adults can feed on different plant pollens. The highest longevity occurred when adults were fed almond pollen or mixed pollens （72.6 days and 69.2 days, respectively） and the lowest when they fed on citrus pollen or a non-food source （9.7 days or 7.4 days, respectively）. The highest adult survival occurred on almond and mixed pollens [88.0%-97. 6% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 78.0%-90.8% after 3rd feeding period （10 days）, 55. 0%-83.6% after 5th feeding period （10 days）, and 15.2%-32.4% after lOth feeding period （10 days）]. The lowest adult survival occurred on citrus pollen [52.0%-56.0% after 1st feeding period （10 days）, 13.3% after 3rd and 5th feeding periods （10 days）, and 0 after 6th feeding period （10 days）]. Pollen feeding is not a behavior restricted to adult boll weevils of a specific sex or physiological state. Understanding how boll weevil adults survive in the absence of cotton is important to ensure ultimate success of eradicating this pest in the subtropics.     

高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及花药显微结构的影响

对两个耐热性不同的水稻品系进行高温处理(8:00～17:00,37℃,17:00～8:00,30℃),测定了高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及花药显微结构的影响.结果表明,高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉活力、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大.高温下耐热品系996的花药开裂、花粉活力、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数明显高于热敏感品系4628,这表明耐热品系996在高温胁迫条件下能保持较好地花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性,是其耐热性的生理基础;高温下耐热品系996的花药壁的表皮细胞排列较整齐,细胞间隙小;药隔维管束较大,维管束鞘细胞排列整齐,簿壁细胞多且排列整齐,木质部和韧皮部清楚可见;而热敏感品系4628花药壁的表皮细胞形状不规则,排列疏松,细胞间隙大,药隔维管组织受到很大程度破坏,维管束鞘细胞形状异常,排列紊乱,木质部和韧皮部界限不清.     

菜豆属次级联会的细胞学和统计学分析

在花粉母细胞减数第一分裂时期,对多花菜豆（Phaseolus coccineus L.)4个品种,菜豆（P.vulgaris L.)5个品种和菜豆变种[P.vulgaris var,baorigineus(Burk.)baudet]的一个收集样品的二价体次级联会（次级配对）进行了细胞学检查,同时也提供了一种评价观测到的联会程度和预期的随机联会程度之间的偏差统计学方法,发现次级配对的程序是高度显著的,对透射电子显微技术加以改进,并使之能够观察压片完整的花粉母细胞,显示出在次级联会的双价体之间发生有形的联结。     

国产肉苁蓉属(列当科)花粉及种皮的形态研究

本文借助扫描电镜,对国产肉苁蓉属Cistanche植物的花粉外壁及种皮纹饰进行了观察,并讨论了它们的分类学意义。结果表明：该属各个种之间在花粉外壁纹饰及种皮纹饰上的差异可为种的区 分提供依据。     

大血藤科花粉形态及外壁超微结构的研究

对大血藤科及木通科的八月瓜属ＨｏｌｂｏｅｌｌｉａＷａｌｌ．和木通属ＡｋｅｂｉａＤｅｃｎｅ花粉进行了光镜及电子显微镜的观察研究。研究结果表明,其花粉形态具有较为明显的相似性,如花粉均为３沟,外壁表面具穴状纹饰,甚至大小也很近似。但从其外壁结构看,大血藤花粉的外壁内层为结均一的致密层组成     

囊萼紫草属与滇紫草属花粉形态比较研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了囊萼紫草属3种和滇紫草属12种植物的花粉形态。囊萼紫草属的花粉为哑铃形或茧形,中等大小,P／E比为1．6一1．67,三孔沟,内孔横长;具小刺状纹饰。滇紫草属的花粉为近长球形或近卵球形,P／E为l—1．23;三孔沟或三合沟孔,内孔一般纵长,具皱波状纹饰,在皱波上具密集的小瘤或微颗粒。从花粉形态的角度,本文支持把囊萼紫草属从滇紫草属(广义)中分离出来的观点。值得注意的是,在滇紫草属的花粉中首次观察到了一种比较少见且特化的花粉即单极三合沟孔的花粉。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶联用的抗肿瘤研究

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）联用对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响。方法双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸单独或联合5-Fu处理H22荷瘤Balb／c小鼠,定期测量肿瘤大小,观察小鼠一般状况;计算抑瘤率、血红细胞数和白细胞数,取脾和胸腺计算脏器指数;HE染色分析肿瘤组织变化;MTT法检测小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖转化功能以及ELISA法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ含量。结果双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸及5-Fu单独应用均可抑制肿瘤生长,但单独5-Fu处理组小鼠一般状况差,毒性反应重;双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-Fu联合应用,与单独5-Fu处理组比较,不仅抑瘤率明显提高（P〈0．01）,且荷瘤小鼠一般状况改善,白细胞数升高,脏器指数增加,小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力强,脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,水平提高;光镜观察HE染色瘤体组织,双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸处理组可见大量炎症细胞浸润。结论双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸联合5-FU能增强化疗的抑瘤作用,并能扭转化疗引起的免疫低下现象,起到增效减毒作用。     

杜仲花粉壁发育的超微结构观察

利用透射电子显微镜和场发射扫描显微镜对杜仲花粉壁结构和发育进行了研究.结果显示,杜仲花粉在四分体末期形成原外壁,质膜随之出现波状样式,原基粒棒的形成在波状质膜的凹陷处积累,同时细胞中的核质类核仁向核膜外扩散,并进一步分布在质膜下;单细胞花粉早期其外壁结构(覆盖层、柱状层、基足层和外壁内层)已经分化完全,之后花粉内壁由萌发孔起始发育,然后全面增厚,至花粉成熟时萌发孔处的内壁变得很厚,并形成具有丰富径向微通道的结构,此时外壁内层崩溃解体.重点讨论了花粉外壁模式决定以及类核仁和花粉外壁形成之间的关系.     

An Examination of the Function of Male Flowers in an Andromonoecious Shrub Capparis spinosa

The pollen donor and pollinator attractor hypotheses are explanations for the functions of the male flowers of andromonoecious plants. We tested these two hypotheses in the andromonoecious shrub Capparis spinosa L. （Capparaceae） and confirmed that pollen production and cumulative volume and sugar concentration of nectar do not differ between male and perfect flowers. However, male flowers produced larger anthers, larger pollen grains and smaller ovaries than perfect flowers. Observations on pollinators indicated that two major pollinators （Xylocopa valga Gerst and Proxylocopa sinensis Wu） did not discriminate between flower morphs and that they transferred pollen grains a similar distance. However, there were more seeds per fruit following hand pollination with pollen from male flowers than from perfect flowers. Individuals of C. spinosa with a larger floral display （i.e. bearing more flowers） received more pollen grains on the stigma of perfect flowers. Female reproductive success probably is not limited by pollen. These results indicate that male flowers of C. spinosa save resources for female function and that they primarily serve to attract pollinators as pollen donors.