副干酪乳杆菌N1115对肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能的研究

目的 研究不同剂量副干酪乳杆菌对肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障的影响。方法 选择我院肝硬化失代偿期患者42例,随机分为对照组和副干酪乳杆菌4 g、8 g、16 g组。各组均给予常规对症治疗。在此基础上,除对照组外,其余各组按相应剂量每日口服补充副干酪乳杆菌,连续2周。所有患者均于治疗前后测血清二胺氧化酶、脂多糖。结果 给予不同剂量副干酪乳杆菌治疗后,各组患者的二胺氧化酶和脂多糖均有所下降,但只有给予16 g副干酪乳杆菌治疗的患者二胺氧化酶和脂多糖与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（t=9.517、10.836,P＜0.05）,同时该组患者疗前后相比差异亦有统计学意义（t=9.445、7.701,P＜0.05）。结论 补充16 g/d副干酪乳杆菌能帮助改善肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

Characterization of the Hemolytic Properties of an Extract from Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel

Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel, an organism that causes harmful algal blooms, is a genus of the family Prymnesiophyta (or Haptophyta) with eurythermal and euryhaline characteristics. P. globosa has been confirmed to produce hemolytic substances, which are a mixture of liposaccharides. In the present study, the hemolytic properties of extract of P. globosa are analyzed further. The effects of temperature, pH,different divalent cations, and membrane lipids on extract-induced hemolysis are discussed, as is the possible hemolytic mechanism. The results of the present study showed that the hemolytic activity of the extract was approximately 127.1 hemolytic units (HU)/L. The hemolytic reaction became fastest and a 50% decrease in absorbance was induced at 30 min at 37℃, and at pH 7.0; Hg^2 was the strongest inhibitor of the hemolysis compared with the other divalent cations and many membrane lipids, except for phosphatidic acid, inhibited the hemolytic activity to different degrees. These results suggest that the toxin may make pores in the surface of red blood cells and that Hg^2 either combines with the hemolysin or closes the pores,hence inhibiting its further hemolytic reaction. The toxin probably has no specific membrane receptor in the red blood cell membrane.     

脂多糖通过自噬作用促进氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的泡沫细胞的形成

目的:研究脂多糖(LPS)促进氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的泡沫细胞形成的机制。方法:人源性THP-1细胞的培养,经ox-LDL诱导形成泡沫细胞。采用油红O染色鉴定泡沫细胞的形成,免疫荧光和Western blot方法检测自噬活性,观察自噬作用对泡沫细胞脂质沉积的影响。结果:①经形态学观察,脂多糖可以促进ox-LDL诱导的泡沫细胞的形成。②脂多糖可以激活自噬作用,并且自噬活性在16h达到最强。③脂多糖可以增强自噬激活剂雷帕霉素(Rap)的促自噬作用(P0.05),并且削弱自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)的作用。④Rap单独作用不能影响泡沫细胞中脂质的累积,然而脂多糖能够增强Rap的作用,显著促进脂滴在泡沫细胞中的累积(P0.05);3-MA可以抑制基础水平和脂多糖诱导后泡沫细胞中脂滴的积累。结论:脂多糖通过增强自噬作用促进泡沫细胞的形成。     

大肠埃希菌脂多糖对高脂饮食动物血脂及炎性反应的影响

目的研究大肠埃希菌脂多糖对高脂饮食兔血脂和炎性反应的影响。方法给含0．5％胆固醇的饲料,3周后,分别在第4、8、12周采用耳动脉内、颈部、腹股沟处肌肉注射大肠埃希菌脂多糖（LPS）,并设立正常组和单纯高脂组。16周后观察兔的一般状态,取血清检查血脂六项、C-反应蛋白和TNF—α,取耳动脉、颈动脉、主动脉弓、胸主动脉、腹主动脉、髂动脉、肝脏,放置4％多聚甲醛中过夜,常规行HE染色,检查血管病变和相关脏器病变情况。结果单纯高脂组血清中胆固醇和LDL-C较正常组增加,复合模型组动物血清中胆固醇和LDL-C均明显高于单纯高脂组,单纯高脂组TNF-α较正常组高,复合模型组TNF-α比单纯高脂组高。病理显示主动脉弓变化明显,复合模型组内膜斑块弥漫,而单纯高脂组内膜只出现单个小斑块,单纯高脂组和复合模型组心脏病变区别不大,均见轻度水肿和小脂肪滴;单纯模型组肝脏细胞轻度水肿,而复合模型组肝脏脂肪滴明显。结论大肠埃希菌脂多糖加重了内膜斑块的形成,加剧了血脂代谢的紊乱和炎性反应。     

丹参酮Ⅱ-A对细胞因子IL-6和IL-10的影响

目的:RAW264.7细胞中,炎症发生时相关的细胞炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)起重要作用.丹参酮Ⅱ-A是传统中药丹参的一种重要的药理成分,它具有一定的抑制炎症的作用.但是,从传统中药丹参提取液中的丹参酮对炎症过程的影响研究较少.该文着重介绍了丹参酮Ⅱ-A在转录水平上对IL-6和IL-10的调节作用.方法:以RAW264.7细胞系作为药物刺激靶细胞,使用不同浓度的丹参酮Ⅱ-A对其进行刺激,分别刺激24h、48h后,半定量RT-PCR检测IL-6和IL-10mRNA表达量的变化.结果:丹参酮Ⅱ-A可以诱导IL-10的释放,同时也减少IL-6的生成,说明它对炎症因子有一定的调控作用.结论:在炎症发生后,丹参酮Ⅱ-A可有效的调节炎症因子的mRNA表达量,进而减少或消除炎症.     

Tolerance of mice to lipopolysaccharide is correlated with inhibition of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in mouse liver cells

Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) often results in multiple organ failure.However,pre-exposure of mice to a sublethal dose of LPS renders the animal tolerant to a lethal dose of LPS.Thisstudy was designed to determine whether pre-exposure of a small dose of LPS was able to suppressapoptosis in mice when challenged with LPS in combination with D-galactosamine,and to investigate theexpression changes of the apoptosis-associated molecules.The results showed that a characteristic apoptoticDNA fragmentation existed in mouse livers of the LPS-naive group,but not in control groups;and the miceof the LPS-naive group were all dead after 2 d.However,in the LPS-tolerance groups,both the lethal rateand apoptotic DNA fragmentation were suppressed after the mice were challenged with LPS/D-galactosamine,and the protection against the lethality and apoptotic reaction could be maintained for up to 7 d.In thisperiod, significantly lower levels of caspase-3 and its mRNA appeared in LPS-tolerant groups compared tothose of the LPS-naive group (P<0.05),and the caspase-3 activities gradually recovered as the observationwas prolonged.Our findings suggest that LPS tolerance could suppress apoptosis in mouse liver cells,andthe expression and activity of caspase-3 could be down-regulated.     

延龄草总皂苷对LPS诱导炎症大鼠的抗炎效果

为了探讨延龄草总皂苷对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导急性炎症大鼠的保护作用,将SD大鼠随机分成(2, 1, 0.5) g/kg剂量组、模型组、地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone, DEX)对照组及空白对照组,每组10只。剂量组按(2, 1, 0.5) g·kg~(~(-1))·d~(-1)延龄草总皂苷灌胃一次,模型组、空白对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水。连续灌胃5 d,末次灌胃0.5 h后,剂量组、模型组按200μg/kg腹腔注射LPS;DEX对照组连续灌胃4 d,第5天腹腔注射DEX (100μg/kg),0.5 h后按200μg/kg腹腔注射LPS,空白对照组注射等量生理盐水。末次注射LPS 8 h后,处死大鼠,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、IL~(-1)0、IL~(-1)β、IL-4、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、组胺(HIS)、环氧化物酶(COX-2)、前列腺素E2 (PGE2)含量。结果显示:(2, 1, 0.5) g/kg组ALP、AST活性及IL-6、IL~(-1)β、IL-8、TNF-α、HIS、COX-2、PGE2含量降低;(1, 0.5) g/kg组ALT活性降低;2 g/kg组NOS活性与NO含量降低,IL~(-1)0含量升高;(2, 1) g/kg组5-HT含量降低。延龄草总皂苷能有效降低LPS所致炎症大鼠ALP、AST、ALT、NOS活性及TC、TG含量,减少NO生成,降低IL-6、IL~(-1)β、IL-8、TNF-α、5-HT、HIS、COX-2及PGE2过量分泌、提升IL~(-1)0、IL-4含量,抗炎效果明显。