利用扁桃斑鸠菊叶发酵高产粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的条件优化及其抗氧化活性研究

粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖是粗毛纤孔菌液体发酵的重要活性代谢产物,但采用常规的发酵方法,粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量较低。为更好地获取粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖,本文采用双向液体发酵的方法,通过向发酵培养基中添加适量的扁桃斑鸠菊叶粉末,来提高粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量,并对优化得到的胞外多糖抗氧化活性进行了研究。以发酵液中胞外多糖含量为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验优化发酵条件;采用红外光谱对胞外多糖的结构特征进行分析;通过测定胞外多糖对ABTS、DPPH和羟基自由基的清除率来了解其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最优发酵条件为:扁桃斑鸠菊叶粉末添加量0.5g/L、发酵时间10d、pH 6.5、接种量5.0mL,在此条件下,粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量达到(2.34±0.25)mg/mL,与未添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶的空白组相比,其胞外多糖产量提高了约216.22%;红外分析与抗氧化活性实验结果表明,添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶后的胞外多糖与未添加扁桃斑鸠菊叶的胞外多糖红外主要吸收峰一致,并且对ABTS、DPPH以及羟基自由基清除能力相近。本研究结果表明扁桃斑鸠菊叶能够有效地提高粗毛纤孔菌胞外多糖的产量,为其他珍稀食药用菌胞外多糖的高效生产提供了新思路。     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在矽肺中的作用研究

目的:通过构建二氧化硅诱导动物矽肺模型,探讨中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil nxtracellular traps,NETs)在矽肺中可能的作用。方法:将C57BL/6J雄性小鼠完全随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered solution,PBS)组、脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ(deoxyribonuclease Ⅰ, DNase Ⅰ)组、二氧化硅+PBS组、二氧化硅+DNase Ⅰ组。通过气管内滴注二氧化硅(0.2 g/kg)混悬液构建小鼠矽肺模型,PBS组与DNase Ⅰ组注入等体积的PBS。在二氧化硅(silicon dioxide,SiO_2)混悬液注入后的第0小时、10小时小鼠气管内注入DNase Ⅰ(5 mg/kg),以后DNase Ⅰ持续给药:5 mg/kg/day,直到SiO_2混悬液注入后的28天。二氧化硅(SiO_2)干预28天后,取各组小鼠肺组织与肺泡灌洗液,通过PicoGreen荧光染料检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中NETs水平,酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测BALF中转化生长因子β1 (transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)与炎症因子白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织的病理学变化,Western Blot检测肺组织中NETs特异性组分瓜氨酸化组蛋白3(citrullinated-histone3,Cit-H3)表达。结果:SiO_2干预28天后,与PBS组相比,二氧化硅+PBS组小鼠肺组织炎症损伤加重,BALF中促炎介质IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平上升;肺组织发生纤维化,大量硅结节形成;肺组织中Cit-H3蛋白表达量增加,BALF中NETs水平显著升高。予以NETs抑制剂DNase Ⅰ进行干预后,肺组织NETs水平显著下降,二氧化硅诱导的肺部炎症损伤、纤维化显著减轻。结论:NETs水平升高可能介导了二氧化硅诱导的小鼠矽肺模型肺部炎症损伤与纤维化。     

地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对抗生素诱导的 菌群紊乱小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探索地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障功能调节的效果和可能机制,为临床疾病的治疗提供新思路。方法采用健康清洁级雄性BALB/C小鼠30只构建动物模型,将小鼠分为3组(每组10只),分别为对照组(CON组)、头孢曲松钠灌胃组(CS组)和地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516治疗组(BL组),除CON组外其余两组小鼠给予300 mg/mL头孢曲松钠0.2 mL,2次/d灌服8 d,短期大量服用抗生素以建立肠道菌群紊乱模型。第9天起BL组小鼠给予地衣芽胞杆菌干预连续8 d。第17天摘眼球处死小鼠,取血、结肠、粪便样本。ELISA方法检测小鼠血清及肝脏组织中的细胞因子及LPS水平。PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳方法及16S rRNA高通量测序测定小鼠肠道菌群结构。结果地衣芽胞杆菌干预后小鼠血清LPS水平较模型组显著降低,屏障功能改善。且地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后BL组小鼠肠道菌群丰富度和多样性显著升高,菌群结构有所改变。结论实验结果提示地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516可以有效改善抗生素所致的肠道菌群失调,对肠屏障功能有一定调节作用。     

秦岭石蝴蝶人工种群花器变异现象研究

以人工栽培的秦岭石蝴蝶为实验材料,通过观察并记录花器官形态和数目的变化,初步探讨秦岭石蝴蝶花器变异规律,并分析了导致其变异的诱因。结果显示:(1)在观察的1 996朵秦岭石蝴蝶花朵中,发现了17种花冠变异类型、5种萼片变异类型和7种可育雄蕊变异类型,总变异率分别为34.57%、38.38%和32.67%。(2)秦岭石蝴蝶花梗或可分支,花梗苞片数目2～3枚。(3)相关性分析结果表明,下唇数目与可育雄蕊数目呈正相关,相关系数为0.927 4,而上唇数目与可育雄蕊数目呈负相关,相关系数为-0.481 1,结合花型图示分析这可能与秦岭石蝴蝶雄蕊着生于花冠下唇内侧近基部有关。该研究统计的秦岭石蝴蝶变异类型丰富,可能对于今后秦岭石蝴蝶的系统进化、花器官发育、生殖生态以及分子遗传方面研究奠定了基础,也为培育不同观赏价值的品种提供思路。     

铜绿假单胞菌一氧化氮还原酶编码基因norD的生物学功能研究

一氧化氮还原酶(Nitric oxide reductase,NOR)是反硝化过程中一个非常重要的催化酶,本文通过同源重组的方法敲除铜绿假单胞菌中norD基因,并研究该基因敲除后菌株ΔnorD在好氧条件下的表型变化。研究结果表明,与野生菌株和回补菌株相比,ΔnorD对BIT的抗性增强。同时在BIT作用下,ΔnorD泳动能力减弱、绿脓菌素的合成能力降低,但norD基因不是BIT唯一的作用位点。上述结果明确了好氧条件下norD基因的部分功能,为更好的利用反硝化过程奠定基础。     

嗜热链球菌胞外多糖EPS333对酸乳品质的影响

本研究以酸乳为基质,通过测试酸乳酸化速率曲线、脱水收缩敏感性、持水力、水分迁移、质构及流变特性等参数,研究了嗜热链球菌胞外多糖与市场常规应用多糖对酸乳品质的影响。研究结果表明:嗜热链球菌胞外多糖EPS333在酸乳凝胶过程中较其他几种多糖能明显减缓酸化趋势,后熟及储藏阶段减少"自由水"含量,降低流动性,改善其流变特性。     

Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis： Effects of Cultivation Parameters

The green alga, Haematococcus pluvlalis Flotow is used as a source of the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin for application in fish aquaculture, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Ceils of the green alga were induced by the application of different light and starvation conditions to evaluate the effect in astaxanthin accumulate. The conditions used for the Induction were high light intensity （170 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）, iron starvation, sulfur starvation and phosphate starvation. The results show that stresses applied in culture, which interfere with cell division, trigger the accumulation of astaxanthin. Notably, sulfur starvation results in a massive accumulation of this commercially important carotenoid.     

Purification and characterization of cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the dromedary camel

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (EC 1.2.1.12),a key enzyme ofcarbon metabolism,was purified and characterized to homogeneity from skeletal muscle of Camelusdromedarius.The protein was purified approximately 26.8 folds by conventional ammonium sulphatefractionation followed by Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography,and its physical and kinetic propertieswere investigated.The native protein is a homotetramer with an apparent molecular weight of approximately146 kDa.Isoelectric focusing analysis showed the presence of only one GAPDH isoform with an isoelectricpoint of 7.2.The optimum pH of the purified enzyme was 7.8.Studies on the effect of temperature onenzyme activity revealed an optimal value of approximately 28-32 ℃ with activation energy of 4.9 kcal/mol.The apparent K_m values for NAD~ and DL-glyceraldehyde-3-phophate were estimated to be 0.025±0.040mM and 0.21±0.08 mM, respectively. The V_(max) of the purified protein was estimated to be 52.7±5.9 U/mg.These kinetic parameter values were different from those described previously, reflecting protein differencesbetween species.     

Alterations of RNA Editing for the Mitochondrial ATP9 Gene in a New orf220-type Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Line of Stem Mustard （Brassica juncea var. tumida）

RNA editing for the mitochondrlal ATP9 gene of encoding regions has been observed in both cytoplasmic malesterile and maintainer lines of stem mustard, where its editing capacity varied spatially and temporally in the cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） line. There were four RNA editing sites for the mitochondrial ATP9 gene according to Its normal editing sites in mustard, of which three sites occurred as C-to-U changes and one as a U-to-C change. As a result, the hydrophobicity of deduced ATP9 protein was reduced due to the conversions at its 17th, 45th and 64th positions. Meanwhile, the conservation of deduced ATP9 protein was enhanced by changes at the 56th position. Loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 was observed in juvenile roots, senile roots, senile leaves and floret buds of the CMS line. Comparatively, complete RNA editing for ATP9 gene was retained in juvenile roots, juvenile leaves and floret buds of its maintainer line; however, the loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 gene occurred at senile roots and senile leaves in its maintainer line. These observations allow us to produce a hypothesis that the dysfunction of a specific mitochondrial gene arising from RNA editing could probably be a factor triggering CMS and organ senescence through unknown cross-talk pathways during development.     

普鲁兰多糖应用现状研究

介绍了普鲁兰多糖的理化性质和生理功能,阐述了其在农产品、食品、环保、包装、医药、石油等领域的应用现状,并对其良好的市场前景进行了展望。