钙蛋白酶及其与疾病的关系

钙蛋白酶(calpain)是一族钙离子依赖性的、水解半胱氨酸的蛋白酶。病理状态下,钙离子浓度异常增高可激活钙蛋白酶,使其对多种细胞骨架和蛋白质水解酶产生降解作用。在肌肉营养不良、白内障和老年性痴呆症等疾病中钙蛋白酶的活性都异常增强。     

松江鲈肌肉生长抑制素基因克隆和序列特征分析

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin)属于转化生长因子β(TGF-β)超家族中的一个成员,是控制骨骼肌生长发育的重要细胞因子.该研究以松江鲈肌肉总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR、5'-RACE和3'-RACE的方法,获得了松江鲈MSTN基因的3个片段,测序后拼接得到2568 bp全长cDNA序列,其包含了1131个核苷酸的开放性阅读框,翻译编码376个氨基酸.松江鲈MSTN具有MSTN的共同特征,有蛋白酶水解位点RARR和10个保守的半胱氨酸残基:核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析发现,松江鲈MSTN基因序列与石首鱼、条纹狼鲈、美洲白鲈、金眼石鮨等同源性较高;与哺乳动物和鸟类同源性较低.系统发育分析表明,松江鲈MSTN与石首鱼亲缘关系最近.RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在肌肉表达量最高;在肠中也有较高表达:在脑和肿脏中也能检测到表达.此结果表明,松江鲈MSTN基因除对肌肉生长发育有调控作用以外,可能还有其他功能.     

p38激酶在肌肉发生及运动中的作用

p38通路是真核细胞转导细胞外信号到细胞内引起细胞反应的一类重要信号通路,它能够调控多种细胞内分子事件。p38是p38通路发挥生物学作用的末端激酶,它能够通过调控MyoD、Myf-5活性或表达、组蛋白修饰、染色体重塑、某些细胞分化相关mRNA的更替等方式影响肌肉分化进程。运动能够激活p38,p38可能通过NF-κB/IL-6/成肌调节因子(myogenic regulatory factor,MRF)及肌细胞专一增强因子2(muscle-specific enhancement factor2,MEF2)、过氧化物增殖物活化受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α,PGC-1α)、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(glucose transporter 4,GLUT4)在运动介导的肌肉发生、线粒体发生、血糖摄取能力提高等几方面发挥作用。     

棉籽浓缩蛋白替代饲料中豆粕对草鱼生长性能、健康状况及肌肉品质的影响

研究旨在探讨以棉籽浓缩蛋白(Cottonseed protein concentrate, CPC)替代饲料中豆粕对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能、健康状况及肌肉品质的影响。设计了6种等氮(29%)等脂(5%)饲料,分别用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代草鱼饲料中0 (C0)、15%(C15)、30%(C30)、45%(C45)、75%(C75)和100%(C100)的豆粕,饲喂养殖于池塘网箱中平均体重为(502.46±0.40) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon Idella)90d。结果显示:(1)在生长性能方面,草鱼的特定生长率和饲料系数在各组之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与C0组相比, C45组草鱼的脏体比显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)在健康状况方面, C100组血清白球比显著低于C0组(P<0.05), C15组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于C0组(P<0.05);各组草鱼肝脏、肌肉组织未发生病变。(3)在肌肉品质方面,与C0组相比, C75组草鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量和C30组异亮氨酸含量显著升高(P<0.0...     

石首鱼科鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶对有机磷化合物反应灵敏度的研究

胆碱酯酶对有机磷化合物的反应灵敏度高,特异性强,但不同来源的生物材料的胆碱酯酶在灵敏度上差异甚大。鲈形目石首鱼科的小黄鱼、大黄鱼、白姑鱼、鳘和黄姑鱼肌肉胆碱酯酶对沙林和ＶＸ均相当敏感,两种化合物对它们的胆碱酯酶抑制的ＰＩ５０值几乎均在７．０以上。进一步研究,这些胆碱酯酶可能成为分析有磷化合物和农药的有效试剂,对筛选生物活性物质有一定的指导意义。     

电脑前久坐易出现肌肉骨骼疼痛

一项新的研究显示，大学生花在电脑上的时间越长，越有可能在当天出现肌肉和骨骼疼痛的问题。[第一段]     

Defective maintenance of intracellular Ca^2＋ homeostasis is linked to increasedmuscle fatigability in the MG29 null mice

Mitsugumin 29 (MG29) is a transmembrane protein that is normally found in the triad junction of skeletal muscle. Our previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of rag29 from the skeletal muscle resulted in abnormality of the triad junction structure, and also increased susceptibility to muscle fatigue. To elucidate the basis of these effects, we investigated the properties of Ca^2 uptake and -release in toxin-skinned Extensor Digitorium Longus (EDL) muscle fibers from control and rag29 knockout mice. Compared with the control muscle, submaximal Ca^2 uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was slower and the storage of Ca^2 inside the SR was less in the mutant muscle, due to increased leakage process of Ca^2 movement across the SR. The leakage pathway is associated with the increased sensitivity of Ca^2 /caffeine -induced Ca^2 release to myoplasmic Ca^2 . Therefore, the increased fatigability of mutant EDL muscles can result from a combination of a slowing of Ca^2 uptake, modification of Ca^2 -induced Ca^2 release (CICR), and a reduction in total SR Ca^2 content.     

颈椎康复操对不同类型颈椎病患者康复训练效果的影响

目的:研究三种类型颈椎病患者在康复阶段采用颈椎康复操后的恢复效果。方法:将211例颈椎病患者纳入本次研究,在基础性治疗同时采用颈椎康复操进行康复训练,在训练前以及训练2个月、4个月后,分别检测患者颈部肌肉电生理状况,对其疼痛进行评分。结果:三种类型颈椎病患者的肌肉动作电位峰值、电位传导速度均具有显著统计学意义(P0.05);交感神经型与神经根型患者疼痛评分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但混合型患者差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:颈椎康复操对不同类型颈椎病康复训练效果不同,有助于改善患者颈部肌肉运动,但在缓解疼痛方面存在差异,交感神经型、神经根型颈椎病采用颈椎康复操效果较好,但混合型颈椎病效果相对较小。     

The PDZ-Containing Unconventional Myosin XVIIIA Regulates Embryonic Muscle Integrity in Zebrafish

Myosin XVIIIA, or MYO18A, is a unique PDZ domain-containing unconventional myosin and is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates. Although there is evidence indicating its expression in the somites, whether it regulates muscle function re- mains unclear. We show that the two zebrafish myo18a genes （myo18aa and myo18ab） are predominantly expressed at somite borders during early developmental stages. Knockdown of these genes or overexpression of the MYO18A PDZ domain disrupts myofiber integrity, induces myofiber lesions, and compromises the localization of dystrophin, ~-dystroglycan （~-DG） and laminin at the myotome boundaries. Cell transplantation experiments indicate that myo18a morphant myoblasts fail to form elongated myofibers in the myotomes of wild-type embryos, which can be rescued by the full-length MYO18A protein. These results suggest that MYO18A likely functions in the adhesion process that maintains the stable attachment of myofibers to ECM （extracellular matrix） and muscle integrity during early development.