Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

大肠杆菌nmpC基因与噬菌体lc基因的关系

基因lc首先于大肠杆菌(E．Roli)噬菌体PA2中发现,其产物为蛋白质2。PA2溶源菌的外膜上存在有蛋白质2。E．Coli K-12的突变株nmgC(P+)能够产生新的外膜蛋白质NmpC,与蛋白质2的结构和抗原性非常近似。通过用λ噬菌体分别与野生型的K一12株及一pC(P+)突变株的qsr 缺陷前噬菌体进行置换,获得两种新的带有缺陷前噬菌体qs,’区的重组噬菌体。电子显微镜异源双链分析显示,除了从野生型菌株中置换到的DNA多出一段1,300碱基对的插入序列外,这两段置换DNA完全相同。并且置换DNA的一部分与含有lc基因的那部分PA2 DNA相同,插入序列的位点在这段DNA之内。在置换DNA中,不含插入序列的重组噬菌体可使其溶原菌产生与NmpC及蛋白质2非常相似的外膜蛋白。在。‘。“‘一12的基因图上,基因nmpC定位于12分钟,qsr缺陷前噬菌体也在附近的位置。因此,可以肯定一埘pC基因位于缺陷前噬菌体之中,实际上就是噬菌体的k基因。在野生型的K一12株中,由于插入序列的存在,阻止了这个基因的表达。     

森林群落稳定性与动态测度——年龄结构分析

本文在实例分析研究的基础上,认为森林群落中的年龄结构分析可以用于测度群落的稳定性和动态,用群落的年龄结构图,以及群落各年龄级物种多样性的测定和比较。进而来测度森林群落的稳定性和动态,方法较简便,效果明显,可加以广泛应用。     

硒蛋白

硒(Se)已被确认为是一种生物微量元素,它能共价结合到生物大分子、尤其是蛋白质中。硒蛋白是某些细菌、鸟类、哺乳动物(可能也包含植物)的酶系统的基本成份。一、细菌硒蛋白最早被鉴定的细菌硒蛋白是依赖硒的甲酸脱氢酶,该酶催化无氧条件下HCOOH?H_2+CO_2。Pinsent(954)指出,E·Coli甲酸脱氢酶的表达需要硒。Lester和Demoss(1971)则     

莴苣子叶培养中RNA,蛋白质及过氧化物酶的变化

莴苣子叶在含BA2mg/L(单位下同)和NAA0.2或BA0.2和NAA2的培养基中,均能形成胚性愈伤组织,在2,4-D2中形成非胚性愈伤组织。前一组合的RNA、蛋白质含量及过氧化物酶活性明显大于后一组合,过氧化物酶同工酶谱谱带宽且色深,具有一条特异酶带。由BA和NAA两种组合培养基诱导的胚性愈伤组织的三种生化指标变化的总趋势相同,同工酶谱相似,高BA组比低BA组的生化指标略高些。     

用改良的杆状病毒载体在家蚕中进行人α-干扰素基因的高水平表达

基因工程的目的之一是增加在细胞中所需的基因产物的表达量。首先用大量生产的宿主有大肠杆菌和一些其他的细菌。但是当细菌作为宿主时存在着几个问题,例如多肽糖基化缺陷、寄主蛋白酶造成的产物降解及缺乏分泌等。采用哺乳类动物细胞可排除上述问题,但要大量生产,仍然存在着许多与培养系统的复杂性及效率有关的问题。