纳米氧化铜(CuO NPs)对HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响

纳米材料的广泛使用引起了人们对其潜在危害的担忧.为了探究纳米材料对糖代谢的影响,该文选用人体肝癌细胞HepG2作为受试对象进行体外实验,研究了纳米氧化铜(CuO NPs)对HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响.实验表明,CuO NPs暴露会抑制HepG2细胞活性,降低细胞存活率,而且会显著减少胞外葡萄糖的吸收以及HepG2细胞内...     

巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米铁颗粒制备及多形性胶质母细胞瘤MRI成像的初步实验研究

摘要 目的：探讨巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒（Fe3O4 NCs@MM）对多形性胶质母细胞瘤MRI成像的研究。方法：制备巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒Fe₃O₄ NCs@MM,利用动态光散射（Dynamic Light Scattering,DLS）和透射电子显微镜（Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM）对其水合动力学粒径、表面电势和形态进行表征。采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）评价巨噬细胞膜的完整包覆;紫外可见光谱测定巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒抗蛋白吸附能力。通过MRI成像系统,分析了含不同浓度的Fe元素（0.1-1.6 mM）的Fe₃O₄ NCs@MM在GSH存在或不存在时的T₁弛豫效应。采用细胞增殖-毒性实验（Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8）,测定巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米铁颗粒处理肿瘤细胞24 h后的细胞活性。尾静脉注射巨噬细胞膜仿生纳米铁颗粒至原位胶质母细胞瘤模型中,观察成像效果。结果：巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒Fe₃O₄ NCs@MM的水合动力学粒径和表面电势分别为 286.5±7.6 nm和-20.7±3.5 mV,且在水溶液中分布均匀,具有较好的单分散性。包覆巨噬细胞膜的纳米铁颗粒具备抗蛋白吸附的能力。MRI成像显示,制备的巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒Fe₃O₄ NCs@MM为GSH响应型MRI对比剂,具有较好的T₁-加权磁共振成像效果,在尾静脉注射巨噬细胞膜的纳米铁颗粒0.5 h后,肿瘤部位的信号可见增强。结论：巨噬细胞膜仿生的纳米铁颗粒Fe₃O₄ NCs@MM可实现多形性胶质母细胞瘤的MRI成像。     

美国发明检测细菌的生物纳米颗粒

美国佛罗里达大学化学系和生物纳米中心华人科学家谭蔚泓教授和同事们研制出一种生物纳米颗粒，不仅能够迅速探测出食物中的单个大肠杆菌，也能够针对生物恐怖攻击的细菌发出警报，或疾病的早期诊断。     

Instrumented Indentation Investigation on the Viscoelastic Properties of Porcine Cartilage

Articular cartilage lubricates the contact surfaces in human joints and provides a shock-absorbing effect which protects the joint under dynamic loading. However, this shock-absorbing effect is gradually reduced as the result of normal wear, tear and aging-related cartilage loss. Thus, with the increasing average human life expectancy, the issue of joint health has attracted significant interest in recent decades. In developing new materials for the repair or regeneration of damaged articular cartilage, it is essential that the difference in the mechanical properties of healthy and damaged cartilages is well-understood. In the present study, the hardness and Young＇s modulus of damaged and healthy porcine articular cartilage samples are evaluated via a quasi-static nanoindentation technique. A dynamic mechanical analysis method is then applied to determine the viscoelastic properties of the two samples. The results presented in this study provide a useful insight into the mechanical properties of articular cartilage at the mesoscale, and therefore fill an important gap in the literature.     

Oxidative-damage effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on mouse hepatic and brain cells in vivo

To assess the biological safety of Fe3O4 nanoparticles （NPs）, the oxidative-damage effect of these NPs was studied. Twenty-five Kunming mice were exposed to Fe3O4 NPs by intraperitoneai injection daily for 1 week at doses of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg.kg1. Five Kunming mice were also injected with 40 mg.kg 1 ordinary Fe3O4 particles under the same physiological conditions. Biomarkers of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, glutathione （GSH）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic and brain tissues were detected. Results showed that no significant difference in oxidative damage existed at concentrations lower than 10 mg.kg i for NPs compared with the control group. Fe3O4 NP concentration had obvious dose-effect relationships （P〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01） with ROS level, GSH content, and MDA content in mouse hepatic and brain tissues at〉20 mg.kg 1 concentrations. To some extent, ordinary Fe3O4 particles with 40mg.kg -1 concentration also affected hepatic and brain tissues in mice. The biological effect was similar to Fe3O4 NPs at 10 mg. kg-1 concentration. Thus, Fe3O4 NPs had significant damage effects on the antioxidant defense system in the hepatic and brain tissues of mice, whereas ordinary Fe3O4 had less influence than Fe3O4 NPs at the same concentration.     

磁纳米颗粒标记脂肪干细胞向软骨分化及体外MRI示踪的实验研究

目的:探讨磁纳米颗粒(magnetic iron oxide particles,MIOP)体外标记脂肪间充质干细胞(ASCs)向软骨分化及MRI示踪的可行性。方法:从小鼠脂肪组织中分离培养、扩增脂肪间充质干细胞(ASCs),流式鉴定细胞表型后,分别采用不同浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的MIOP标记ASCs并向软骨细胞诱导分化。普鲁士蓝染色和透射电镜(TEM)鉴定细胞内磁纳米铁颗粒分布情况,应用3.0T MRI体外检测标记软骨细胞MRI信号。结果:从脂肪组织中可以分离获得大量高表达CD90、CD105、Sca-1的ASCs,不同浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的MIOP与ASCs共同孵育24小时后,普鲁士蓝染色发现ASCs随MIOP浓度的增加,蓝染程度逐渐加深且标记的ASCs可以向软骨细胞分化;TEM证实细胞内分布大量的黑色纳米铁颗粒。体外MRI T2序列证实随着MIOP浓度(25μg/mL,50μg/mL)的增加MRI信号值逐渐减低且具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:MIOP可以标记ASCs向软骨分化,体外应用MRI可以对其进行示踪。     

纳米氧化铈对48h睡眠剥夺小鼠生精能力的影响

为了研究纳米氧化铈(cerium oxide nanoparticles, CeO2NPs)对48 h睡眠剥夺小鼠生精能力的影响,并探讨其作用机制。将36只6周龄雄性健康清洁级ICR小鼠分为6组:空白对照组、溶剂对照组、睡眠剥夺对照组、CeO2NPs低、中、高剂量组。CeO2NPs低、中、高剂量组分别以4 mg/kg、8 mg/kg和16 mg/kg灌胃1 m L的纳米氧化铈溶液,溶剂对照组和睡眠剥夺对照组灌胃等量溶剂,空白对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水,连续30 d。第31天,采用单平台水环境法进行48 h睡眠剥夺。继之,测定小鼠每日精子生成量、睾丸组织内标志酶(G6PDH,LDH和ACP)及抗氧化指标(CAT, MDA和T-AOC)。与溶剂对照组比较,48 h睡眠剥夺使小鼠睾丸每日精子生成量降低,睾丸标志酶G6PDH、ACP和LDH活力下调,睾丸组织CAT活力和T-AOC水平降低,小鼠睾丸MDA含量升高。与睡眠剥夺对照组比较,CeO2NPs低、中、高剂量组均改善了48 h睡眠剥夺小鼠的每日精子生成量,其中中剂量组的改善更为明显,且在调节睡眠剥夺小鼠睾丸标志酶G6DPH、LDH和ACP活力、提高睾丸组织内CAT活力、T-AOC水平及降低MDA含量方面最为显著。纳米氧化铈可以改善睡眠剥夺雄性小鼠的生精能力,这可能与提高了睾丸组织的抗氧化能力,从而改善了氧化应激损伤并调节了能量消耗代谢有关。     

磁性纳米材料的生物医学应用进展

以四氧化三铁为代表的医用磁性纳米材料具有独特的磁学性能、表面易功能化、良好的生物学相容性等特点,在纳米医学相关领域展现出巨大的应用前景,特别是近年来它作为可介导外场的智能材料,在材料设计和生物医学应用方面均取得了突破性的进展.鉴于此,本文围绕磁性氧化铁纳米材料的生物医学应用,着重介绍近年来其在磁共振影像探针、磁热和磁力效应的生物医学应用、诊疗一体化以及纳米酶催化等领域的研究进展,并对磁性纳米材料在生物医学领域未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

Cloning, sequence analysis and identification of a nonsense mutation-mediated mRNA decay of porcine GSTM2 gene

The glutathione S-transferase mu 2 gene （GSTM2） encodes a GST functioning in the elimination of electrophilic compounds and the regulation of cell growth. In this study, the sequence of porcine GSTM2 gene that contains the complete sequence encoding a protein of 218 amino acids was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 76%, 78% and 76% identity with that of human, mouse and rat, respectively, mRNA expression analysis showed that the porcine GSTM2 gene was expressed at a high level in liver and testis, at a medium level in longissimus dorsi muscle, adipose tissue, spleen and lung, at a low level in kidney, and at a very low level in heart and embryo. A nonsense mutation （CGA→TGA） resulted from C27T substitution in the fifth exon to produce a premature translation termination codon was identified, and it was discovered that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay might have an effect on the regulation of porcine GSTM2 gene expression. This polymorphism was analyzed in Large White, Landrace, Meishan and Qingping pig populations using the Taq I-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The result showed that allele C had a higher frequency than allele T in each population.     

微针及其他给药与送递技术北大核心CSCD

微针透皮给药也称为微针经皮给药,既微创而无痛,又适用于纳米药物的送递并可实现智能缓释。微针装置的表面带有许多微米级别的细针、尖头或插钉,以阵列方式连接在基座或圆筒上,也可做成贴片形式。由于针孔微细,其痛感以及对皮肤的损伤也微乎其微。微针可反复插入并抽离皮肤,通过控制微针插入的深度及插入抽离的速度等参数,最终实现穿透角质层并在皮肤中形成可逆性微通道的目标。