绵羊胞内单精子注射技术

In this study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was assessed. In experiment 1, activation of ovine oocytes matured in vitro in preparation for ICSI has been investigated with 3.42 mmol/L Ca2+ treatment, ionomycin alone and ionomycin followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) after 3-h delay (group 1, 2 and 3, respectively). After activation, the oocytes were then cultured in SOFaaBSA medium. Cleavage rates were significantly (P<0.05) different among three groups (18.4%, 91.8% and 71.7%, respectively). In additional culture, no parthenotes in group 1, whereas 11% and 17.4% in group 2 and 3 developed to the blastocyst stage. Therefore we used the third activation method in the following ICSI tests. In experiment 2, development of ovine oocytes after ICSI was investigated. Thawed semen from two rams was separated by Percoll centrifugation and was used for ICSI or in vitro fertilization (IVF) trails. A total of 71.8% of oocytes reached the 2-cell stage following living sperm injection, which was significantly (p>0.05) different from those following IVF (41.4%) and sham-ICSI (30.2%). After seven days' culture, no sham-injected oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, although 7% in ICSI and 16.1% in IVF-oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, but there was no significant difference in ICSI and IVF groups (p>0.05). In the further study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by ICSI was assessed. After coinjection of ovine oocytes matured in vitro with dead sperm cold to -20 degrees C and exogenous DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), seventy-three percent of coinjected oocytes developed to 2-cell stage (33/45) and two of them were transgene-expressing embryos. Among ten embryos at the 16-cell stage, all embryonic cells in one transgenic embryo still expressed GFP. Four coinjected blastocysts were thawed and transferred to the uterine of the two progesterone-synchronized recipient ewe. No pregnancies were detected on the 60th day. These results suggested sheep transgenic embryos could be produced by ICSI and further studies should be performed.     

精子特异性乳酸脱氢酶的免疫学特性及其应用

精子特异性乳酸脱氢酶特异地存在于鸟类和哺乳类动物的成熟睾丸和精子中,为精子的运动和存活提供能量,它是一种自身抗原,其天然抗体不与体细胞LDH同工酶发生交叉反应,用LDH－C4免疫小鼠或免疫等能够诱导免疫应答,导致生育率的降低,因此在人类避免和鼠害控制方面将有较好的应用前景。     

哺乳类性别控制的实践与进展

动物的性别控制是指通过对精子或胚胎的性别鉴定以达到调控子代性别的目的。基于在人类健康及畜牧业生产上的应用价值,动物的性别控制一直是人类期望达到的目标之一。介绍了性别控制的研究历史及最新进展,并着重就不同性别控制手段的理论基础,特点,实践应用价值及未来发展进行了评述。     

讲授"呼吸过程中能量的储存和利用"的一点心得

呼吸作用是一个释能的过程,植物体如何储存能量和利用能量,是一个非常重要的问题.呼吸作用放出的能量,一部分以热能的形式散失到环境中,其余部分通过ADP磷酸化形成ATP,而暂时储存在高能磷酸键中.三磷酸腺苷中的高能磷酸键是最重要的能量携带者,呼吸过程中能量的储存和利用都要靠ATP.     

精子获能的分子机制

精子获能作为受精的前提条件,其机制目前尚未完全研究清楚。本文主要讨论了一些生化因子（如：血清、Ca^ 、HCO3^-、cAMP、PTP等）及生理因子（如pH、膜电位、自由基等）在精子获能中的重要作用。     

哺乳动物中由精子RNA介导的跨代遗传的研究进展

随着表观遗传学的飞速发展,拉马克的获得性遗传理论又重新得到了学术界的关注．近年,哺乳动物获得性性状的跨代遗传现象也得到了较为深入的研究．在获得性性状的跨代遗传过程中,由环境压力导致的表观遗传信息经由生殖系在代际间传递．其中,在环境压力相关的表观遗传信息的建立及传递过程中,精子小非编码RNA(small non-coding RNA,sncRNAs)发挥关键作用,环境压力信息以sncRNAs的形式储存在成熟精子中,通过受精作用,精子sncRNAs参与胎儿原始生殖细胞基因组的表观遗传修饰,将表观遗传信息跨代传递,进而影响获得性性状相关的基因表达．本文主要综述了精子sncRNAs参与获得性性状跨代遗传的机制,为研究遗传性的代谢疾病、促进人类生殖健康及家畜良种繁育提供新思路．     

长江华溪蟹精子超微结构的研究

透射电镜下观察长江华溪蟹成熟精子的形态和超微结构。精子呈椭球形,无鞭毛,具数条由核延伸而成的辐射臂精子。由球形的顶体,膜复合体,核杯及辐射臂组成,顶体由头帽,亚帽带,丁体囊及中央管组成。在中央管的基部发现有中心粒。核膜与质膜紧贴在一起形成了精子的界膜。     

家蚕混精杂交的研究

序言中国解放不久,我们才真正地开始学习苏联伟大的自然改造者米丘林的学说;并且知道苏联新近有许多选种家,遵循这位导师的遗训,用混精杂交的方法,有时会增强子裔的优越品性,有时会克服远视植物杂交的困难。我们耿耿中怀,就计划在家上,进行同一类的工作。家是我们中国的国宝。自远古     

精子介导GFP基因在小鼠早期胚胎中的表达

利用 DIG 末端标记技术和免疫组化技术分析了小鼠精子体外结合内化外源DNA的效率。试验结果表明,不同小鼠个体的精子结合外源DNA的阳性率有明显差异（P<0.01）,平均为13%。利用考马斯亮蓝染色评价了小鼠精子顶体反应发生的情况,筛选出TYH培养液为较合适的体外受精液。利用小鼠体外受精技术,将体外转染GFP基因并获能的小鼠精子与成熟卵母细胞进行体外受精,受精卵进行体外培养,表达GFP胎的阳性率为4.7%。验证了精子介导制备转基因小鼠胚胎的可行性,并建立了利用精子载体法制备转基因小鼠胚胎的平台。     

中华绒螯蟹的受精生物学（二）

（续１９９８年第１２期第８页）２．２精子入卵卵不仅只许与同种精子结合,并且每枚卵基本上只准与１个精子结合,也就是说,受精除对精卵质量检测外,还必须数量调控。表面附有精子的蟹卵从输卵管下段,通过生殖孔,排出雌蟹体外。这些附在卵上的精子就在卵膜某些物质,...