耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌同源性及生物膜形成能力分析

分析耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,CRAB)的同源性,测定其生物膜形成能力,分析blaOXA基因携带与生物膜形成能力的相关性,探讨CRAB在医院暴发的影响因素。收集佳木斯大学附属第一医院非重复CRAB共35株,全自动微生物鉴定系统VITEK-II及体外敏感实验筛选CRAB,多序列位点分型(MLST)、肠道细菌基因重复序列聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)分析其同源性,结晶紫染色法定量检测生物膜形成能力。33株CRAB为ST 2型,1株ST 671型,1株ST 1199型为新发现的MLST分型。ERIC可分为A、B、C、D四型,A型9株,B型24株,C型1株,D型1株。CRAB及碳青霉烯类敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(CSAB)组生物膜形成能力差异有统计学意义(0.330±0.258、0.534±0.402,P0.05);blaOXA-23、blaOXA-51、blaOXA-24基因携带与CRAB生物膜形成能力无明确相关性(P0.05)。生物膜形成能力与碳青霉烯类耐药性的获得呈现负相关。ERIC-PCR分辨率较强,且与MLST具有一定相关性。ST2型为主要流行菌株,患者的高危因素以及医护人员的消毒意识可能与CRAB的暴发有关。     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz.

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known trlterpenold saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new trlterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1-）2）]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1-）4）]-α-L- arablnopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 1） and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl（1→）3）]- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→）2）]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 2） by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） nymphal feeding in cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） leaves

We used brightfield electron microscopy （BEM）, differential interference contrast microscopy （DICM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and confocal laser scanning microscopy （CLSM） to investigate the stylet pathways of Bemisia tabaci during nymphal feeding behavior in cotton leaves beginning with penetration of the abaxial leaf surface and ending with stylets in sieve tubes in phloem tissues. Most nymphal stylets within salivary sheaths penetrating leaf tissues made complex turns and developed more than one salivary sheath branch before ending in sieve tubes. The external morphology of the salivary sheaths and their routes between and through leaf cells are described during the present study. Results showed the presence of the stylet within the sieve tubes. B. tabaci nymphs may remove stylets and feed in different sieve tubes. Ten short movies showing the progression of the stylet penetrations from adaxial surface to the sieve tubes are attached to Figures 8-15. The report and movies can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies to a local drive in your computer first for fast upload. The movies are posted on the website http：//www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm？docid=14629. The movies can be used as a teaching aid in biology classes.     

Incidence and management of white grub, Schizonycha ruficollis on seedlings of teak （Tectona grandis Linn, f,）

In investigation was conducted annually from 2002 to 2005 between the second week of May and the end of September on the incidence of scarab beetle, Schizonycha ruficollis （Fabricius） in a teak （Tectona grandis L.f.） nursery at Ramdongari, Nagpur, India. The immature stages, that is white grubs of the scarab beetle damaged 14%-52% of teak seedlings in the nursery beds, whereas the adult of the species, that is scarab beetles, were recorded on three new host trees （ Ziziphus xylopyra, Acacia catechu and A. leucophloea） in addition to the reported hosts such as ziziphus （Z. jujuba and Z. mauritiana）. Beetles of the S. ruficollis started emerging from the nursery beds just after the pre-monsoon showers and continued for 10-18 days. While beetle of S. ruficollis defoliated tree hosts available in the surroundings, the immature stages of the beetle caused major damage by feeding on root systerfls of teak seedlings with symptoms of wilting and mortality in forest nursery beds. The result of chemical and biological treatments for the management of grubs of S. ruficollis in nursery beds indicated phorate 10% granular at the rate of 20 g/m^2 and chlorpyriphos 20% emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 5.0 mL/m^2 to be effective. Grubs of S. ruficollis have not been recorded previously as a major pest of teak （T. grandis）. This is also the first report on occurrence of S. ruficollis adults on tree hosts such as Z. xylopyra, A. catechu and A. leucophloea. White grubs being pests of economic importance and the toughest insects to manage, information given in this paper on incidence, pest status and management of Schizonycha ruficollis is of importance to researchers and forest nursery managers.     

2-环戊氨基-5,8-二甲氧基-1,4-萘醌抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞内ROS水平与NO的分泌

炎症反应过程中有效控制巨噬细胞一氧化氮(niric oxide,NO)的过度分泌和细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,对抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞过度活化和巨噬细胞介导的急性炎症反应具有重要的临床意义。该研究检测了以5,8-二甲氧基-1,4-萘醌(5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone,DMNQ)为中间体,通过有机合成反应获得的6种新萘醌类衍生物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO分泌和细胞内ROS水平的抑制效果及其机理。结果显示,在6种新合成的化合物中,2-环戊氨基-5,8-二甲氧基-1,4-萘醌具有明显抑制RAW264.7细胞NO分泌和细胞内ROS水平的效果,同时不影响细胞的吞噬能力。另外,通过对细胞信号传导通路的分析发现,#6化合物能够有效地抑制ROS依赖性的ERK和JNK磷酸化水平,最终发挥降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞NO分泌和i NOS蛋白质表达的作用。     

中国竹 意无穷

<正>中国是世界上认识和利用竹子最早的国家,也是与竹子有着最密切关系的国家。英国学者李约瑟在《中国科学技术史》中指出,东亚文明过去被称为"竹子"文明。从竹子与中国历史文化发展的源远流长的关系、竹子在中华民族精神文明发展中所产生的巨大作用、竹子与中华民族物质文明进化的息息相关中都可以得到丰富的证明,中国不愧被誉为"竹子文明的国度"。熊文愈教授曾有精辟概括:华夏竹文化,上下五千年;衣食住行用,处处竹相连!     

类球红细菌类胡萝卜素抗氧化活性研究

研究了研磨法、超声波法、酸溶辅助超声波法和菌体浓度对类球红细菌类胡萝卜素抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,不同提取方法和固液比条件下,类球红细菌类胡萝卜素均具有清除DPPH自由基能力、抗脂质过氧化能力和还原能力。酸溶辅助超声波法提取的类胡萝卜素产率最高、抗氧化活性最好。类球红细菌类胡萝卜素具有一定的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性随菌体浓度的增加而增加。     

伤齿龙标本IVPP V 10597分类学重新讨论(英文)

保存部分后肢的标本 IVPP V 10597 最初被描述为蒙古蜥鸟龙(Saurornithoides mongoliensis) 的幼年个体,但存在一些疑问。近年来有关伤齿龙科(Troodontidae) 的研究,尤其是有关伤齿龙类分类学研究取得了重要进展,因此有必要对该标本的分类学重新进行评估。通过细致的形态比较和数值化的系统发育分析,确认相对于蒙古蜥鸟龙,V 10597 更加接近于同域的谭氏临河猎龙(Linhevenator tani) ,指示其有可能代表谭氏临河猎龙的幼年个体。但 V 10597 的许多后肢特征,包括许多涉及后肢骨骼间比例的特征,显示出与包括谭氏临河猎龙在内的其他伤齿龙类的明显区别。这些形态差异可能具有分类学意义,表明 V 10597 代表一个新种。通过骨组织学分析,确认该标本不可能代表谭氏临河猎龙或者其他大型伤齿龙类的幼年个体。基于已有的形态学和骨组织学信息,将 V 10597 定为一新属、新种,命名为柯瑞氏菲利猎龙(Philovenator curriei gen. et sp. nov. ) 。这一发现增加了白垩纪晚期伤齿龙类的种群分异度和形态差异度。     

内蒙古二连盆地呼和勃尔和剖面中始新世仓鼠类化石(英文)

描述了产自内蒙古二连盆地呼和勃尔和剖面伊尔丁曼哈组底部砂岩中的3种仓鼠类化石:内蒙古祖仓鼠(新种)Pappocricetodon neimongolensis sp.nov.,中条祖仓鼠(相似种)Pappocricetodon cf.P. zhongtiaensis和祖仓鼠(未定种)Pappocricetodon sp.。P.neimongolensis的特征是有P4或者DP4;M1前附尖细小,前叶小,原尖前棱通常至原小尖横向延伸,再转向前颊侧与前附尖相连,无原尖后棱,原小尖与前尖通过前脊相连;M2原尖后棱较为发育;M3次尖不退化;m1下后尖比下原尖位置靠前;m2下原尖后棱完整,连接下后尖或直达下后尖基部;m3不退化,下外脊S型。新种形态与早期仓鼠类Pappocricetodon antiquus接近,但又略显原始。同时,在该层位还出现有M1前叶已经增大的Pappocricetodon sp.和中脊发育的Pappocricetodon cf.P.zhongtiaensis,表明当时仓鼠类已出现多样化,其起源可能要早于中始新世的伊尔丁曼哈期。     

Anatomy and its ecological adaptation of an ephemeroid Erythronium sibiricum in Xinjiang

新疆猪牙花是分布于新疆阿勒泰地区西伯利亚落叶松林下的一种多年生高山类短命植物.解剖学研究结果表明:其地下鳞叶中薄壁组织发达,是重要的储藏器官,为该植物每年长达10个月的休眠提供了充足的水分和营养物质的储存空间.茎由表皮、基本组织以及3～4轮散生的维管束组成;茎表皮细胞具厚角质层,能有效降低体内水分的散失;发达的维管束为其在冰冷的土壤中有效地吸收水分和养分,实现碳水化合物由地下器官向地上器官的转移和物质重新分配提供了有力保障.发达韧皮纤维为支撑顶部的花、果器官提供了必要的机械支持.叶片大而薄,有助于增大光合器官的面积;叶表皮角质层不明显,可以减少对日光的反射;叶肉有海绵组织与“拟栅栏组织”的分化,后者的细胞呈长柱形,其长轴方向与叶表皮方向平行,多层排列,能有效提高叶绿体对光能的捕获效率,是该植物对林下弱光生境长期适应的结果.花被片中维管束密集,发达的维管组织对维持花被片薄壁细胞的膨压,维持花被片较长时间的强烈反折状态以增加被昆虫访花的机会,提高昆虫传粉效率,促进繁殖成功具有关键作用;中轴胎座,胚珠多数;柱头与花柱中空,内表面具分泌细胞,有利于花粉管的快速萌发和迅速伸长.