钝顶螺旋藻细胞的超微结构

钝顶螺旋藻是一种丝状多细胞蓝藻。经透射电源观察证实,细胞的核区无核膜,核仁,细胞质内无线粒体、叶绿体、高尔基体等细胞器分化。     

逆境中沙冬青叶片细胞叶绿体的结构(简报)

沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)是亚洲中部一种超旱生植物,生长在荒漠、半荒漠地带,主要分布于我国内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等地,是北方地区极少有的常绿阔叶植物,也是国家二级保护植物。沙冬青体内含有黄花木素、拟黄花木素等强生物碱,是重要的药用植物,也是极好的固沙、绿化荒丘植物。它耐热、旱、盐碱,更耐寒,能抵抗-30℃至-40℃的低温,所以也是植物抗逆性研究的理想材料。     

热处理对菠菜和上海青类囊体膜及叶绿素稳定性的影响

绿色蔬菜在加工和贮藏过程中发生的颜色劣变与类囊体膜上叶绿素蛋白复合体的稳定性有着密切的关系。本研究以上海青和菠菜为原料,研究了两种绿色蔬菜在热处理过程中类囊体膜溶液热容、多肽组分、叶绿素含量、pH以及蛋白质荧光的变化。结果表明：热处理会导致叶绿素蛋白复合体的降解,类囊体膜溶液pH下降,上海青类囊体膜热稳定性、叶绿素含量的保持优于菠菜类囊体膜。试验结果为我们明确绿色蔬菜颜色劣变的机理以及寻求更好的护绿手段提供了理论基础。     

低温锻炼对小麦类囊体膜脂膜蛋的影响

比较两种不同抗寒性小麦品种在低温锻炼前后类囊体膜脂及共脂肪酸成分、光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素ａ／ｂ蛋白复合体（ＬＨＣⅡ）及类囊体吸收光谱,低温荧光发射光谱,发现经低温锻炼后：（１）抗寒与不抗寒小麦类囊体脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）的反式六碳－烯酸含量均明显降低;抗寒品种小麦的单半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）／双半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＤＧＤＧ）比值明显降低,而不抗寒品种变化不明显。（２）抗寒品种小麦类脂／叶绿素比值明显增高。     

Clotrimazole对叶绿体ATPase功能的影响及其作用部位

clotrimazole能抑制 DTT+光激活的类囊体膜上Mg~(2+)—ATPase的活力。这种抑制属于可逆非竞争性抑制。进一步的实验还表明clotrimazole可以消除 9—AA光下荧光粹灭指示的正常类囊体及DCCD重组残缺膜的跨膜质子梯度。卵磷脂可以减缓 clotrimazole对9—AA荧光粹灭的抑制作用。clotrimazole还能抑制DTT加热激活的游离CF_1 Ca~(2+)—ATPase的活力。根据以上结果我们推测 clotrimazole在类囊体上可能有两个作用部位,一个在类囊体膜脂;另一个在CF_1。     

利用RNO脱色反应检测类囊体中的单线态氧

光敏剂RB在光照射下与O₂反应产生 ¹O₂, ¹O₂与组氨酸或咪唑反应的中间产物使RNO发生氧化,导致RNO在440 nm处吸光度减小,此即为RNO脱色反应.RNO脱色反应随着光照时间的增加而增大,表明RB受光照射后使 ¹O₂增加;随着组氨酸或咪唑浓度的增加,RNO脱色反应增大;咪唑在RNO脱色反应中的作用更明显. ¹O₂淬灭剂NaN₃或DABCO存在时,RNO脱色反应降低.利用RNO脱色反应检测到莴苣类囊体在强光照射下产生的 ¹O₂,随着光强和照射时间增加,类囊体中 ¹O₂的产生增加.     

Induction of the AOX1D Isoform of Alternative Oxidase in A. thaliana T-DNA Insertion Lines Lacking Isoform AOX1A Is Insufficient to Optimize Photosynthesis when Treated with Antimycin A

Plant respiration is characterized by two pathways for electron transfer to O2, namely the cytochrome pathway （CP） that is linked to ATP production, and the alternative pathway （AP）, where electrons from ubiquinol are directly transferred to O2 via an alternative oxidase （AOX） without concomitant ATP production. This latter pathway is well suited to dispose of excess electrons in the light, leading to optimized photosynthetic performance. We have characterized T- DNA-insertion mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana that do not express the major isoform, AOXIA. In standard growth conditions, these plants did not show any phenotype, but restriction of electron flow through CP by antimycin A, which induces AOXIA expression in the wild-type, led to an increased expression of AOXID in leaves of the aoxla-knockout mutant. Despite the increased presence of the AOX1D isoform in the mutant, antimycin A caused inhibition of photosyn- thesis, increased ROS, and ultimately resulted in amplified membrane leakage and necrosis when compared to the wild- type, which was only marginally affected by the inhibitor. It thus appears that AOX1 D was unable to fully compensate for the loss of AOXIA when electron flow via the CP is restricted. A combination of inhibition studies, coupled to metabolite profiling and targeted expression analysis of the P-protein of glycine decarboxylase complex （GDC）, suggests that the aoxla mutants attempt to increase their capacity for photorespiration. However, given their deficiency, it is intriguing that increase in expression neither of AOX1D nor of GDC could fully compensate for the lack of AOXIA to optimize pho- tosynthesis when treated with antimycin A. We suggest that the aoxla mutants can further be used to substantiate the current models concerning the influence of mitochondrial redox on photosynthetic performance and gene expression.     

水稻永绿色基因突变和超表达对其叶片类囊体蛋白降解的影响

应用蛋白质免疫杂交技术分析了永绿色基因(Stay-green Rice,SGR)突变和超表达对水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片类囊体蛋白质降解的影响.结果表明,在正常生长条件下,SGR超表达降低了光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)、光系统Ⅰ(PS Ⅰ)和电子传递链等的蛋白质含量.暗诱导衰老处理时,SGR突变延缓了PSⅠ和PSⅡ的蛋...