Arabidopsis tic62 trol Mutant Lacking Thylakoid- Bound Ferredoxin-NADP＋ Oxidoreductase Shows Distinct Metabolic Phenotype

Ferredoxin-NADP＋ oxidoreductase （FNR）, functioning in the last step of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain, exists both as a soluble protein in the chloroplast stroma and tightly attached to chloroplast membranes. Surface plasmon resonance assays showed that the two FNR isoforms, LFNR1 and LFNR2, are bound to the thylakoid membrane via the C-terminal domains of Tic62 and TROL proteins in a pH-dependent manner. The tic62 trol double mutants contained a reduced level of FNR, exclusively found in the soluble stroma. Although the mutant plants showed no visual phenotype or defects in the function of photosystems under any conditions studied, a low ratio of NADPH/NADP~ was detected. Since the CO2 fixation capacity did not differ between the tic62 trol plants and wild-type, it seems that the plants are able to funnel reducing power to most crucial reactions to ensure survival and fitness of the plants. However, the activity of malate dehydrogenase was down-regulated in the mutant plants. Apparently, the plastid metabolism is able to cope with substantial changes in directing the electrons from the light reactions to stromal metabolism and thus only few differences are visible in steady-state metabolite pool sizes of the tic62 trol plants.     

盐酸胍对毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜蛋白光谱特征的影响

研究了盐酸胍（GuHCl）处理对毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜蛋白亚基和光谱特征的影响。结果显示,随着GuHCl处理浓度的增高,类囊体膜蛋白的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱明显下降,峰位发生蓝移。这表明GuHCl处理下,类囊体膜蛋白色素微环境发生明显变化,色素蛋白结构遭到破坏;较低浓度2mmol.L-1GuHCl处理下,随着GuHCl处理时间的延长,类囊体膜蛋白的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱也呈下降趋势,但与GuHCl浓度梯度处理比,下降程度略缓,峰位也基本没有变化。这说明类囊体膜在2mmol.L-1GuHCl不同处理时间下表现出的耐受性比在GuHCl浓度梯度处理条件强。     

番茄类囊体膜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因TtAPX序列

1 Source The gene was isolated from Lycopersikcon esculentum (strain: L404) leaf cDNA by PCR.     

CPI大部分缺失影响莱茵衣藻光能转换特性的研究

用紫外光处理野生型莱菌衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）CC－125得到突变体CC－1047。电泳检测证明：突变型衣藻CC－1047缺失了绝大部分色素蛋白复合体I（CPI）。进而详细地研究了CPI的部分缺失对突变型衣藻的光物理和光化学反应的影响。野生型衣藻的低温荧光峰有两个,分别在691nm和717nm左右;突变型CC－1047的低温荧光峰只有一个,在709nm左右,且荧光强度增加了3－4倍。709nm的峰被认为是光系统I捕光天线色素所发出的。在突变体中出现的这个峰,说明天线色素吸收的光能未能传递到光系统I的反应中心,再进行电荷分离;而是以荧光的形式也发生了改变,野生型和突变型的荧光在开启作用光后都很快上升,但随后野生型的逐渐下降,而突变型CC－1047的基本上不下降;与野生型相比,突变型衣藻CC－1047的光系统I反应中心色系P700的氧化还原活性降低80％以上,表明突变型衣藻细胞内与PSI相关的电子传递已不能正常运转。     

热预处理菠菜叶绿体的能量转换特征

经热预处理（湿度为２５－４５℃,部分实验为２０－３６℃,时间为５－１０min)的菠菜（Ｓpinacia oleracea L.)叶绿体。严重影响其能量转换的各步反应。（１）循环光合磷酸化速率随处理温度而下降。（２）类囊体膜上腺三磷酶失活。（３）光照诱导叶绿体的质子吸收减小;叶绿体的９－氨基吖啶（９－ＡＡ）荧光猝灭减弱,但加二环己基磷二亚胺（ＤＣ－ＣＤ）可以部分恢复９－ＡＡ荧光猝死。（４）叶绿体的延迟发光和△Ａ５１５nm电色效应均出现明显变化。（５）免疫印迹反应结果表明,经４５℃预处理叶绿体的膜上腺三磷酶出现解离,其α亚单位的蛋白量明显减少。（６）预处理温度超过３３℃,叶绿体光系统Ⅰ介导的氧吸收速率也下降,在反应介质中加芥子碱可以部分恢复其氧吸收能力,就这些结果与膜透性变化、耦联因子复合物解离和自由基积累的关系进行了讨论。     

Changes in Unsaturated Levels of Fatty Acids in Thylakoid PSII Membrane Lipids During Chilling-induced Resistance in Rice

Temperature is one of the abiotic factors limiting growth and productivity of plants. In the present work, the effect of low non‐freezing temperature, as an inducer of “chilling resistance”, was studied in three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), japonica cv. 9516 (j‐9516), the two parental lines of superhigh‐yield hybrid rice between subspecies, Peiai/E32 (ji‐PE), and the traditional indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 (i‐SY63). Leaves of chill‐treated rice showed chilling‐induced resistance, as an increase of their low‐temperature tolerance was measured using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, revealing a change in photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. After 5 d of exposure to 11°C under low light (100 μmol m^‐2 s^‐1), levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids decreased during the initial 1‐2 d, then increased slowly and reached 99.2%, 95.3% and 90.1% of the initial value (0 d) in j‐9516, ji‐PE and i‐SY63, respectively, on the fifth day. However, under medium light (600 μmol m^‐2 s^‐1), all cultivars experienced similar substantial photoinhibition, which approached steady state levels after a decline in levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids to about 57.1%, 53.8% and 44.5% of the initial values (0 d) in j‐9516, ji‐PE and I‐SY63 on the fifth day. Under either chilling‐induced resistance (the former) or low temperature photoinhibition (the latter) conditions, the changes of other physiological parameters such as D1 protein contents, electron transport activities of PSII (ETA), F_v/F_m, xanthophyl cycle activities expressed by DES (deepoxide state) were consistent with that of levels of unsaturated fatty acids in PSII thylakoid membrane lipids. So there were negative correlations between saturated levels of fatty acids (16:1(3t), 16:0, 18:0), especially the 16:1(3t) fatty acid on thylakoid membrane and other physiological parameters, such as D1 protein contents, ETA and (A+Z)/(A+V+Z). A specific role of desaturation of fatty acids and the photoprotective pigments of the xanthophyl cycle, leading to an acclimation response in thylakoid membrane lipids may be involved. We conclude that chilling‐induced resistance is accelerated by the unsaturation of thylakoid membranes, and the ability of rice plants to cold‐harden can be enhanced by genetic engineering.     

聚球藻 (Synechococcus leopoliensis 625) 藻胆体 一 类囊体膜光化学活性和亚显微结构的研究

聚球藻藻胆体-类囊体膜吸收光谱中有五个吸收峰,它们位于420nm,438nm, 490nm,624nm和678nm。放氧速率为161-179mol O2／mg Chl.hr.电镜照片中显示在类囊体膜上有大量藻胆体。     

盐类对蓝绿藻光合特性的影响

藻胆蛋白是蓝绿藻的天线蛋白,由无色多肽连接,形成的一定结构叫做藻胆体,作为蓝绿藻的主要光能捕获器。一种分子量为90—120KD的无色多肽将藻胆体固着在类囊体膜表面,从而使吸收的光能可从藻蓝蛋白有效地传递给类囊体膜中光系统Ⅱ反应中心的叶绿素a3。为探讨在能量传递水平上藻胆体和类囊体膜之间的相互作用,我们研究了离子强度对蓝绿藻胆体和叶绿素a之间能量传递的影响。       

膜脂对菠菜细胞色素b6f复合体电子传递活性的影响

利用从菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｌ．）叶绿体分离、纯化出的缺失膜脂的细胞色素ｂ６ｆ蛋白复合体（Ｃｙｔ ｂ６ｆ）制剂与从菠菜类囊体分离、纯化的膜脂进行体外重组,检测了不同膜脂对Ｃｙｔ ｂ６ｆ催化电子传递活性的影响。结果表明：被检测的５种膜脂,即单半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＭＧＤＧ）、双半乳糖基甘油二酯（ＤＧＤＧ）、磷脂酰胆碱（ＰＣ）、磷脂酰甘油（ＰＧ）和硫代异鼠李糖基甘油二酯（ＳＱＤＧ）对Ｃ