杉木叶醇提物中石油醚溶解组分的化学成分分析

采用气-质联用法对杉木(Cunningham ia lanceolataHook.)叶醇提物石油醚溶解组分的化学成分进行了研究,经毛细管色谱分析分离出38个峰,共确认出其中36种成分,鉴定出的化学成分质量占总量的98.06%以上。应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的质量分数,含量较高的物质有:十八酸-1,3-甘油二酯(16.929%)、二十七烷(15.178%)、棕榈酸-2-(十八烷氧基)乙酯(11.038%)、油酸(6.531%)、三十七醇(6.877%)等。化合物的类型主要为饱和脂肪酸酯(33.834%)和烃类化合物(22.031%)。     

耐盐碱石油烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其耐盐碱性研究

从大港油田区石油污染盐碱化土壤和油泥中筛选得到10株耐盐碱石油烃降解菌,通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S r RNA序列分析确定这些菌株为苍白杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、迪茨菌属、棒状杆菌属、无色杆菌属、微杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属。通过液体培养试验,研究了10株菌的耐盐碱能力。结果表明,除B07仅能耐受3%盐度外,其他菌株均能耐受5%或者更高的盐度环境,其中B02和B05在盐度高达11%时仍具有较高的生长活性;10株菌均能耐受p H为9的碱度环境,B01、B03、B04、B06、B09能耐受p H为10的环境,其中,B03和B04在p H为11时仍具有较高的生长活性。研究表明石油烃降解菌在不同微生物种属中广泛存在,并具有较好的耐盐碱特性,有望在石油污染盐碱化土壤修复中广泛应用。     

常用中药Xi莶研究进展

Xi签中已分离鉴定42个成分,其中17个是新二萜类化合物,我研究组确定了17个新成分中的10个,并对3个指定错了的化学结构给予了评论和改正。     

溶石胶囊中威灵仙总皂苷的含量测定研究

本文报道了溶石胶囊中威灵仙总皂苷的含量测定方法。用铁线莲皂苷Ⅰ为对照品,采用香草醛一硫酸为显色剂,475nm波长处检测。浓度在22．40～201．60μg／mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其回归方程为Y=213．2X-2．311,相关系数R=0．9993,加样回收率为100．31％RSD=1．02％。本方法简便,快速,灵敏,适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

石耳科(子囊菌亚门)的间断分布和替代现象

本文报道了石耳科的两个亚洲的,也是美洲以外的新记录种,即角石耳与深色石耳。进一步证实了单果石耳在南大西洋的,即南美洲和南部非洲的间断分布。对于上述种类以及本科其它一些种类的间断分布和替代现象进行了分析讨论。     

吊石苣苔中的化学成分

新鲜吊石苣苔全草用70%丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取,然后经Diaion HP-20,Toyopearl HW-40,硅胶等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化得到8个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为5,7-二羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基黄酮(1),丁香酸(2),邻苯二甲酸-双-(2-乙基己基)酯(3),5,7-二羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基黄酮醇(4),7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(5),7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O-[-βD-葡萄糖-(1→6)]--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(6),4′,5-二羟基-7-甲氧基-6-C--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷(7)和4′,5-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖黄酮苷(8)。除7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷和7-羟基-6,8,4′-三甲氧基-5-O-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)]--βD-葡萄糖黄酮苷外,其余6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Carbon storage,spatial distribution and the influence factors in Tianshan forests

Aims
Accurate estimation of carbon density and storage is among the key challenges in evaluating ecosystem carbon sink potentials for reducing atmospheric CO₂ concentration. It is also important for developing future conservation strategies and sustainable practices. Our objectives were to estimate the ecosystem carbon density and storage of Picea schrenkiana forests in Tianshan region of Xinjiang, and to analyze the spatial distribution and influencing factors.
Methods
Based on field measurements, the forest resource inventories, and laboratory analyses, we studied the carbon storage, its spatial distribution, and the potential influencing factors in Picea schrenkiana forest of Tianshan. Field surveys of 70 sites, with 800 m² (28.3 m × 28.3 m) for plot size, was conducted in 2011 for quantifying arbor biomass (leaf, branch, trunk and root), grass and litterfall biomass, soil bulk density, and other laboratory analyses of vegetation carbon content, soil organic carbon content, etc.
Important findings
The carbon content of the leaf, branch, trunk and root of Picea schrenkiana is varied from 46.56% to 52.22%. The vegetation carbon content of arbor and the herbatious/litterfall layer was 49% and 42%, respectively. The forest biomass of Picea schrenkiana was 187.98 Mg·hm^-2, with 98.93% found in the arbor layer. The biomass in all layers was in the order of trunk (109.81 Mg·hm^-2) > root (39.79 Mg·hm^-2) > branch (23.62 Mg·hm^-2) > leaf (12.76 Mg·hm^-2). From the age-group point of view, the highest and the lowest biomass was found at the mature forest (228.74 Mg·hm^-2) and young forest (146.77 Mg·hm^-2), respectively. The carbon density and storage were 544.57 Mg·hm^-2 and 290.84 Tg C, with vegetation portion of 92.57 Mg·hm^-2 and 53.14 Tg C, and soil portion of 452.00 Mg·hm^-2 and 237.70 Tg C, respectively. The spatial distribution of carbon density and storage appeared higher in the western areas than those in the eastern regions. In the western Tianshan Mountains (e.g., Ili district), carbon density was the highest, whereas the central Tianshan Mountains (e.g., Manas County, Fukang City, Qitai County) also had high carbon density. In the eastern Tianshan Mountains (e.g., Hami City), it was low. This distribution seemed consistent with the changes in environmental conditions. The primary causes of carbon density difference might be a combined effects of multiple environmental factors such as terrain, precipitation, temperature, and soil.     

杭州石荠苧生态学特性的研究

杭州石荠（Ｍｏｓｌａｈａｎｇｃｈｏｗｅｎｓｉｓ）的种子完全靠风传播,但由于种子大,传播距离不远;种子在冬季休眠,春天（２月末３月初）萌发,种子萌发率很低,尤其是水选上层种子,主要原因是质量差。杭州石荠的营养期从３月初到８月上旬,株高在８月中旬以前基本为匀速增加,早期生长极为缓慢。形态和生殖力的环境可塑性极强,自然生长的植株冠幅变动在４～５６１６ｃｍ２之间。杭州石荠在自然生境中有时形成单优群落,通常与其它植物伴生。由于早期生长慢,限制了其在群落中的竞争能力,在土壤条件好的地方绝大部分被排挤掉,只是由于其极强的耐旱能力才在高温、干旱、土少的生境中得以存活。将同属不濒危的华荠与之比较,其种子小于杭州石荠,但萌发率却高于杭州石荠。华荠的植株较矮,花色不如杭州石荠鲜艳,同在路边生长,不像杭州石荠那样容易被人采摘;华荠的根较杭州石荠的根深,抗雨水冲刷能力较强。华荠在自然生境中植株投入生殖的比例大于杭州石荠。     

B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗开放手术后复发肾结石

目的:探讨B超引导经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗开放手术后复发肾结石的可行性与疗效.方法:对46例开放手术后复发肾结石患者施以经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗,其中全鹿角状结石13例,部分鹿角状结石26例.多发性结石7例.结果:46例手术均成功,平均手术时间92rain;30例一期取净结石(65.2%),5例因穿刺出血仅建立经皮肾通道,12例接受二期PCNL,术后结石清率82.6%.7例术后发热,2例需要输血,1例气胸,经保守治疗均好转.结论:经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术治疗开放手术后肾结石创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、结石清除率高,可以作为开放手术后复发肾结石的首选治疗方案.     

石油污染土壤堆制微生物降解研究

采用异位生物修复技术堆式堆制处理方法 ,对辽河油田原油污染土壤进行了生物修复处理研究 .处理工程设 4个处理料堆单元 ,每个处理单元长 118.5cm ,宽 6 5 .5cm ,高 12 .5cm .研究结果表明 ,当进行处理的石油污染土壤中石油烃总量为 5 .2 2 g·10 0 g-1土时 ,利用黄孢原毛平革菌 (Phanerochaetechrysospori um) ,经过 5 5d的运行 ,石油烃总量去除率达 5 4.2 % .堆制处理中影响污染土壤石油烃总量生物降解的主要变化因子为污染土壤的O2 和CO2 含量、降解石油烃微生物的数量、污染土壤pH的变化 .通过监测这些数据的变化 ,可直接反映该工程的处理石油污染土壤的效果 .本处理工程采用定期通风措施 ,操作简单、运行费用低廉 ,为石油污染土壤生物修复实用化提供了一种简单易行的污染土壤清洁技术 .