小鼠生殖细胞的胚胎发育

本文综述了近年来小鼠胚胎发育过程中生殖细胞的起源、迁移与增殖、性别分化及其基因组修饰等方面的研究进展。小鼠生殖细胞在7~7.5dpc时由原始生殖细胞（PGC）演变而来,至12.5dpc时PGC全部迁移进入生殖嵴,到13.5dpc时停止分裂。Steel/c-kit信号途径在PGC迁移过程中起重要作用。生殖细胞的性别主要是由生殖腺中体细胞的微环境决定的。Y染色体上存在精子形成所必需的基因。生殖细胞的全基因组范围的重新甲基化晚于胚胎体细胞的重新甲基化,到18.5dpc时才完成。雌性生殖细胞的X染色体重新活化在14.5~15.5dpc时完成,并且与生殖嵴的性别分化无关。 Abstract:This paper reviewed the recent progress of the origin,migration and proliferation,sex determination,and genomic modification of murine germ cells during its embryonic development. Murine germ cells originate from primordial germ cells at about 7~7.5dpc. Then PGCs migrated into germinal ridge at about 12.5dpc during which Steel/c-kit signal pathway plays important roles and stopped division at 13.5dpc. The sex of germ cells was mainly determined by the soma microenvironment in the gonad. And there are essential genes for sperm formation on the Y chromosome. The de novo methylation of murine germ cells was much later than soma cells and was completed at about 18.5dpc. The X chromosome reactivation of female germ cells was finished at about 14.5~15.5dpc which was independent of sexual differentiation of germinal ridge.     

人工分离花粉生殖细胞的细胞生物学研究

采用压片法从三科七种植物的成熟花粉粒中分离出生殖细胞。干涉差显微术和视频增差显微术观察表明,分离的生殖细胞有完整结构和清晰的图象,并呈现由纺锤形到球形的各种形态;细胞形态的变化与培养基渗透压、微管稳定剂等因素有关。首次获得了生殖细胞的扫描电镜的立体形象。细胞壁化学成分的检测否定细胞壁的存在,微管蛋白的免疫荧光鉴定显示了微管系统的空间分布,生活力的荧光测定证实分离的细胞是生活的。讨论了分离生殖细胞研究的前景。     

秋水仙胺（colcemid）诱发雄性小鼠生殖细胞减数分裂延迟和非整倍…

Colcemid (COM) was tested for induction of meiotic delay and aneuploidies in meiotic metaphase II (MMII) of male(101/E 1 XC 3 H/E 1)F 1 mice post single intraperitoneum (i.p.) injection. The dose of 1 mg/kg of COM was used and sampled at 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 h after COM treatment. The number of MMII and MMI were the highest at 2 and 6 h repectively, and decreased rapidly with lengthening of COM treatment and reached the lowest at 14 h; then increased. However, the ratio of MMII to MMI was always significantly higher than in solvent control at every sample interval. Under our experimental conditions, COM did not show aneugenicity in male mouse germ cells. The possible mechanisms by which COM caused meiotic delay and reasons that COM did not induce aneuploidy in MMII were discussed.     

甘薯细胞质传递的研究：精细胞的质体和线粒体及其DNA存在的状况

甘薯（ＩｐｏｍｏｅａｂａｔａｔａｓＬａｍ．）成熟花粉为二细胞型,在授粉后萌发之前生殖细胞分裂形成精细胞。仍在花粉粒中的两个精细胞大小和形状基本相似,细胞质中含丰富的质体和线粒体。细胞质ＤＮＡ特异荧光显示精细胞及产生它们的前细胞———生殖细胞中均含有丰富的类核。一对精细胞中类核的数量无明显的差异。精细胞中存在两种形态类核,大而荧光强的类核可能为质体类核,而小的荧光弱的类核为线粒体类核。双亲或父系质体遗传在被子植物中是少数,本研究结果为旋花科的除牵牛属和打碗花属外又提供了新的一属具这种遗传方式的细胞学证据。     

百合生殖细胞和精细胞的大量制备及其蛋白组成的比较

新鲜的或低温贮存的兰州百合(Lilium davidii Duch.)花粉,在BKS15中萌发,分别收集萌发5h和30h的花粉管,采用低渗冲击胀破和percoll密度梯度离心纯化等方法,获得批量纯化的生殖细胞和精细胞。用10%三氯乙酸和丙酮沉淀制备生殖细胞和精细胞的蛋白质,用SDS-PAGE对两种细胞蛋白质进行比较。结果表明,二者在蛋白质组成成分上没有明显差异;但在蛋白质的含量上有两种成分差异显著,即:精细胞中的40KD蛋白多于生殖细胞;而98KD蛋白又少于生殖细胞。对40KD和98KD蛋白质的可能生理功能进行了讨论。     

多种被子植物花粉生殖细胞大量分离技术的比较研究

从11种植物的成熟花粉粒中分离出大量生活的生殖细胞。比较了四种分离方法(一步渗透压冲击法、二步渗透压冲击法、低酶法和花粉原生质体释放法)在不同植物中的效果。归纳出三类植物适于采用三种分离方法。研究了影响分离效果的若干重要因素。对5种植物的分离生殖细胞进行了纯化。经鉴定,纯化的细胞群体中80%以上的细胞是生活的。     

被子植物生殖细胞的细胞壁

本文综述了国内外有关被子植物生殖细胞壁的资料,概述了它的形成、发育、性质和功能;在这些方面,生殖细胞壁的特征因植物种类而异。     

Cloning and characterization of nanos gene in silkworm Bombyx mori

Gene nanos is a maternal posterior group gene required for normal development of abdominal segments and the germ line in Drosophila. Expression of nanos-related genes is associated with the germ line in a broad variety of other taxa. In this study, the 5＇-RACE method and the in silico cloning method are used to isolate the new nanos-like gene of Bombyx mor/and the gene obtained is analyzed with bioinformatics tools. The putative protein is expressed in Escherichia coli and the antiserum has been produced in New Zealand white rabbits. The result shows that the nanos cDNA is 1,913 bp in full length and contains a 954 bp open reading frame. The deduced protein has 317 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular weight of 35 kDa, isoelectric point of 5.38, and contains a conserved nanos RNA binding domain. The conserved region of the deduced protein shares 73% homology with the nanos protein conserved region of Honeybee （Apis mellifera）. This gene has been registered in the GenBank under the accession number EF647589. One encoding sequence of the nanos fragment has been successfully expressed in E. coli. Western blotting analysis indicates that homemade antiserum can specifically detect nanos protein expressed in prokaryotic cells.     

鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞的培养和传代

本文旨在探索鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞(Primordialgermcells,PGCs)培养、传代以及各种因素对PGCs培养的影响。实验结果表明,在添加10%的胎牛血清、2%的鸡血清、2mmol/LL谷氨酰胺、1mmol/L丙酮酸钠、5.5×10-5mol/Lβ巯基乙醇、10μl/ml非必需氨基酸、以及5ng/ml人干细胞生长因子(Humanstemcellfactor,hSCF)、10U/ml鼠白血病抑制因子(Mouseleukemiainhibitoryfactor,mLIF)、10ng/ml碱性成纤维生长因子(Fibroblastgrowthfactorbasic,bFGF)、0.04ng/ml人白细胞介素11(Humaninterleukin11,hIL11),10ng/ml胰岛素样生长因子(Humaninsulinlikegrowthfactor,hIGF)的高糖DMEM培养体系中,以多次离散法进行传代获得5-6代鸡胚胎PGCs,有效地维持了PGCs的未分化状态和正常二倍体核型,同时能够定向地诱导分化为神经细胞,具有作为多能性胚胎干细胞的特征     

中国小型猪胚胎生殖细胞的培养和建系

首次报道分别从28天和27天中国小型猪胚胎生殖嵴的原始生殖细胞培养和建立了两株胚胎生殖细胞系(embryonic germ cells,EG cells),各命名为BPEGl和BPEG2。根据它们的生长形态、细胞专一性标志以及体内、外分化等特征,证明了它们具有多能性的特性。这些猪EG细胞具有潜在的应用前景。