“群落的演替”教学设计

1教材分析“群落的演替”是人教版必修3第4章第4节的内容,教材呈现的主要内容是演替的过程。而对演替过程的分析可以逐一了解演替的概念、类型及影响演替的因素等。在章节关系上,上一节群落结构中的物种组成、种间关系、群落的空间结构等概念是学习本节的基础：在课程目标上,强调群落演替是生命系统在群落层次上发生的优势取代．     

新生代大型哺乳动物地理分布和演替模式

分析新生代大型哺乳动物地理分布,检验大型动物演化基本规律,即体型变化规律和生殖力作用规律。说明历史上大型动物反复产生和灭绝有相似模式,在气候寒冷或干旱等较严酷环境体型变大,在气候温暖湿润等较温和环境体型变小和衰退,产生物种更替或灭绝事件,由地球气候周期和地理气候变化主导大型动物演替与分布格局。     

翻译说起——自然植被演替和濒危物种保育策略

Conservation一词在汉语中有“保护”和“保育”不同的翻译。在google中,以conservation和“生物多样性保护”为关键词搜索的结果有828000个条目,而以conservation和“生物多样性保育”为关键词进行搜索有23000个条目,说明汉语中人们更习惯于将该词译为保护。生物多样性保育更多出现于我国台湾的文献和用语中,而大陆则多用保护一词。     

孟德尔现象的思考

距达尔文发表《物种起源》已经过去150多年了,该书早已被翻译成各种语言文字,深受大众欢迎,进化论也已经深入人心。可能大众说不清楚进化的具体细节和机制,说不清古猿进化成人的具体演化阶段,但一般都知道生物是进化而来的,人也是由古猿进化而来的。     

科研,保护的支撑,发展的动力 保护区管理心得之二

生物多样性研究突出保育和解濒技术。针对维护和发展生物多样性的技术需求,重点研究野生动植物保护、生物多样性保育、陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测防控、自然保护区建设等关键技术。摘编自《林业科学和技术"十二五"发展规划》资源保护是自然保护区的核心工作,但保护离不开科学技术的有力配合,科学研究正是保护区的灵魂,是反映保护区水平的标志,是资源保护、资源利用的支撑,是经济发展的动力。神农架自然保护区的科研经历了四个阶段。第一个阶段是搭建科研基础平台。     

鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性

[目的]了解鼎湖山早、中、后3个演替阶段的3类森林(针叶林、混交林、阔叶林)土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性,为下一步研究不同演替阶段森林土壤微生物的功能及其与植物的相互作用提供依据.[方法]在代表性林区采集土样,从中提取总DNA,利用细菌通用引物27F和1492R PCR扩增16S rDNA并构建文库.从所构建的3个文库中各挑取150个阳性克隆子并对插入片段进行测序,利用Mothur软件对所得序列进行分析.[结果]从针叶林、混交林和阔叶林文库中分别得到122、118和120条有效16S rDNA序列,各代表70、64、72个OTUs(operational taxonomic units,以97％相似性为划分标准).分析结果显示,共检测到8个细菌门类,其中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)在针叶林、混交林和阔叶林土样中分别占53.3％,67.8％和60％ ;变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)分别占29.5％,20.3％和32.5％ ;其它如厚壁菌,放线菌等均不超过10％.3类森林土壤细菌群落结构差异显著(P＜0.05),3者两两间共有的OTU数量占检测到的OTU总数的比例均低于25％,其中阔叶林土壤细菌有着最高的Chao指数(414.2)和Shannon指数(3.90),及最低的Simpson优势度指数(0.0249).[结论]鼎湖山针叶林、混交林和阔叶林3类林区土壤细菌在种群构成上差异显著,其中阔叶林土壤细菌丰富度及多样性相对较高,但3者在大类组成方面比较相似,均为酸杆菌占绝对优势,变形杆菌次之.     

从conservation的翻译说起——自然植被演替和濒危物种保育策略

Conservation一词在汉语中有"保护"和"保育"不同的翻译。在google中,以conservation和"生物多样性保护"为关键词搜索的结果有828000个条目,而以conservation和"生物多样性保育"为关键词进行搜索有23000个条目,说明汉语中人们更习惯于将该词译为保护。     

树种组成和径级结构对热带次生林生物量恢复影响的研究

本研究在海南尖峰岭和吊罗山热带林区海拔245～1255 m范围内根据林分恢复时间设立固定监测样地,探讨了森林地上生物量与树种组成和径级结构的关系.结果显示:海南热带次生林平均地上生物量为(155.38±37.16)×103 kg/hm2,其中低地次生雨林为(137.91±31.02)×103 kg/hm2,山地次生雨林...     

Changes of the relationships between soil and microbes in carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry during ecosystem succession

AimsThe carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry (C:N:P) of soil profoundly influences the growth, community structure, biomass C:N:P stoichiometry, and metabolism in microbes. However, the relationships between soil and microbes in the C:N:P stoichiometry and their temporal dynamics during ecosystem succession are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the temporal patterns of soil and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships during ecosystem succession.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted and data were compiled for 19 age sequences of successional ecosystems, including 13 forest ecosystems and 6 grassland ecosystems, from 18 studies published up to May 2016. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the sequential changes in 18 variables that were associated with soil and microbial C, N and P contents and the stoichiometry. Important findings (1) There was no consistent temporal pattern in soil C:N along the successional stages, whereas the soil C:P and N:P increased with succession; the slopes of the linear relationships between soil C:N:P stoichiometry and successional age were negatively correlated with the initial content of the soil organic C within given chronosequence. (2) There was no consistent temporal pattern in microbial C:N:P stoichiometry along the successional stages. (3) The fraction of microbial biomass C in soil organic C (qMBC), the fraction of microbial biomass N in soil total N, and the fraction of microbial biomass P in soil total P all increased significantly with succession, in consistency with the theory of succession that ecosystem biomass per unit resource increases with succession. (4) The qMBC decreased with increases in the values of soil C:N, C:P, or N:P, as well as the stoichiometric imbalances in C:N, C:P, and N:P between soil and microbes (i.e., ratios of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P to microbial biomass C:N, C:P, and N:P, respectively). The C:N, C:P, and N:P stoichiometric imbalances explained 37%-57% variations in the qMBC, about 7-17 times more than that explainable by the successional age, illustrating the importance of soil-microbial C:N:P stoichiometry in shaping the successional dynamics in qMBC. In summary, our study highlights the importance of the theories of ecosystem succession and stoichiometry in soil microbial studies, and suggests that appropriately applying macro-ecological theories in microbial studies may improve our understanding on microbial ecological processes.     

不同生长阶段背角无齿蚌对养殖池塘藻类的摄食选择特征

正背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)是我国淡水水体中分布很广的淡水双壳类软体动物之一,因其分布广、在湖泊中多营底栖生活[1],对污染物具较强耐受且可在体内富集,易采集等特点,可被用做评价湖泊污染的指示生物3][2,。"淡水贝类观察监测体系"自2003年由本实验室提出后,背角无齿蚌被确定为该研究体系的"指示生物",进而创新性地培育出一种规格、遗传质量、数量、污染背景值等均可控,且可野外移殖和回捕的标准化监测指