加强手术室管理,控制医院感染

目的加强手术室医院感染的控制与管理,降低医院感染的发生率。方法针对手术室的工作特点,制定并落实各项有效的消毒隔离措施和感染监测制度,严格执行无菌操作规程,创造合格的手术环境。结果制定有效的手术室消毒隔离制度和感染监测制度,并通过医护人员的积极配合,创造合格的手术室环境,使无菌手术切口感染率下降至0.25%,特殊手术无医院感染发生。结论加强手术室医院感染的管理,可有效地防止医院感染的发生,降低无菌手术切口感染率。     

施肥对苗期紫茎泽兰和黑麦草相对竞争力的影响

为种植黑麦草替代控制紫茎泽兰提供依据,运用取代实验法,研究了施肥(氮、磷)对苗期紫茎泽兰和黑麦草的相对竞争力以及生长表现的影响。结果表明:增施氮肥和磷肥均能够提高紫茎泽兰的相对竞争力,而仅磷肥对黑麦草的竞争力略有促进作用;但在各种施肥水平下,黑麦草的竞争力仍然明显强于紫茎泽兰。增施氮肥可以显著提高紫茎泽兰的株高、分枝数和干质量,而磷肥仅在较高时才显著提高其干质量;增施氮肥虽然可以提高黑麦草的分蘖数量,但对其干质量没有影响,而增施磷肥(2次)可以显著提高其干质量;在竞争中紫茎泽兰植株生长的能量分配(用根茎比表示)对磷肥不敏感。建议适当增施磷肥、不施或少施氮肥,以提高黑麦草的替代控制效果。     

具空间扩散的时变种群系统的最优捕获控制

讨论了一类时变种群扩散系统的最优捕获控制的非线性问题,证明了最优捕获控制的存在性,并给出了控制u（t,x）∈Uad为最优的必要条件和最优性组．     

AIDS Research and Its Role in China＇s AIDS Prevention and Control Policies

By the end of 2005, the estimated number of HIV infected people in China was 650,000. The seriousness of the epidemic calls for effective control measures to tackle the problems in order to avoid the tragedy in Africa from happening in China. ＂Prevention First＂ is the cornerstone of the country＇s health policy. On 2003 World AIDS Day, Premier Jiabao Wen announced a new national AIDS control policy, ＂Four Frees and One Care＂. This policy clearly shows that the Chinese government has once again taken full responsibility to solve public health problems and has profound impact far beyond the AIDS field. In early 2006, the central government put scientific and technology innovation as a national priority and set the target to build an innovative China by year 2020. Since then, the government has been increasing investment in science and technology with major emphasis on both infectious diseases control and new drug research and development. For the first time, development of 100 new drugs and control of major infectious diseases （AIDS, HBV, TB and other emerging infectious diseases） have been selected as national key scientific projects. China＇s best minds in related fields will be pooled to work together in order to remove the technical barriers blocking efficient control of the major infectious disease in China. Knowledge on molecular epidemiology, immunology, pathogenesis, HAART, as well as HIVDR strains will certainly provide urgently needed scientific information for China＇s AIDS control program. Only evidence-based strategy from good research will provide long-term effective control of AIDS.     

HIV/AIDS in Asia： The Shape of Epidemics and Their Molecular Epidemiology

The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS annually in Asia,becoming the second largest epicenter of global AIDS epidemic. Molecular epidemiology has been useful tool to track a course of HIV spread. In-depth knowledge from the studies on molecular epidemiology elucidates the dynamics of HIV spread and the interrelationship of epidemics in the different regions in Asia.     

Recent Advances in Biological Control of Pest Insects by Using Viruses in China

Insect viruses are attractive as biological control agents and could be a feasible alternative to chemical insecticides in the management of insect infestations. This review describes recent advances in the development of wild-type and genetically modified viruses as insecticides. A new strategy of application of insect viruses in China is reviewed. Also, the assessment of biosafety of genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedovirus (HearNPV) is emphasized as a case-study.     

中华预防医学会微生态学第二届特种医学暨河南省，山东省预防医学微生态学学术研讨会-会议纪要-

金秋送爽,菊花飘香。古都开封在欢度第二十四届菊花节的喜庆气氛中,迎来参加中华预防医学会微生态学第二届特种医学暨河南省、山东省预防医学微生态学学术研讨会的70余位学术代表和公司企业代表。本届研讨会于2006年10月20-22日在开封金明池大酒店如期召开。中华预防医学会微生     

FD香葱生产中的危害分析与关键环节控制

将HACCCP体系引入FD(真空冷冻干燥)香葱生产过程中,经危害分析找出关键控制点,通过过程控制提高产品合格率,降低危害发生的风险,形成一套行之有效的食品安全管理体系.     

网络成瘾者奖赏系统和认知控制系统的神经机制

网络成瘾作为一种行为成瘾,已成为严重影响人们心理健康的全球性问题.根据大脑发育的神经生物模型,揭示网络成瘾者奖赏和认知控制系统的神经机制是解决网络成瘾问题的关键,也是心理学研究的重大问题.行为研究探讨了网络成瘾具有高奖赏寻求和低认知控制特征;神经机制研究揭示了奖赏和认知控制系统的缺陷是网络成瘾行为的高风险因素;与药物成瘾的比较研究发现,网络成瘾有着独特的奖赏机制.这些研究深化了对网络成瘾心理和神经机制的理解,但仍存在网络成瘾筛查和入组标准不科学、分型笼统、因果研究匮乏、干预和治疗效果具有争议、研究范式存在漏洞等一些急需解决的问题.     

医院疾病资源库标准化建设探讨

疾病资源库在转化医学发展中发挥着重要作用,收集人类遗传资源和疾病相关资源信息,建设疾病资源库越来越受到重视。首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院在建设乙型肝炎和艾滋病疾病资源库的过程中,总结疾病资源库建设经验,为中国疾病资源库建设的标准化提供参考。