桂西北早,中二叠世常么期和栖霞期Ting类动物群

桂西北早、中二叠世常么期和栖霞期Ｔｉｎｇ类十分丰富,自下而上可建立５带４亚带：１）Ｐａｍｉｒｉｎａ－Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带（Ｐａｍｉｒｉｎａ ｐｕｌｉｃｈｒａｇ亚带;Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｃｕｓｈｍａｎｉ亚带）;２）Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｇｕｅｍｂｅｌｉ带;３）Ｃｈａｌａｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ－Ｒｏｂｕｓｔｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带（Ｃｈａｌａｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ     

桂西北典型喀斯特区生态服务价值的环境响应及其空间尺度特征

Study on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the bridge of understanding ecosystem and economic decision-making. To investigate the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales is an urgent work in the process of ecological restoration and sustainable development in southwest China. Based on the previous research results, the remote images, and weather data of 31 years (1975-2005), the response of ESVs to ambient environment and their spatial scales in a typical karst area of northwest Guangxi, China were evaluated with the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in this paper. The results showed that ESVs had obvious variations with changes in elevation, rocky types and soil types, and had corresponding characteristics of spatial scales. The ESVs in middle and low elevation areas were higher, but they decreased due to human activities such as deforestation. The ESVs in peak-cluster depression areas were lower, and they would increase as influenced by policies such as returning farmland to forestland. The ESVs were influenced by rocky types, showing lower values but an increasing trend in the typical karst regions while higher values but a decreasing trend in non-karst regions. The average ESVs in the west part of the study region, which is not only the main nature reserve for rare wildlife species in Guangxi, but also one of the best preserved natural vegetation regions in China, were more than 15,000 RMB Yuan ha-1,. Comparatively, the ESVs were less than 10,000 Yuan ha-1 in the middle part of the region attributed to low vegetation coverage, serious peak-cluster depression and karst rocky desertification. After about 20 years, that is from 1985 to 2005, the ecosystem conditions had been improved and the ESVs had increased in the middle and eastern part of this study region. On the contrary, in most western part, which was dominated by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, they had been worsened, and the balance values of ESVs were negative. As for the relationships of ESVs with rocky types and soil types, lime soil and red soil were the two main soil types that contributed to ESVs (The total contribution was above 60%, and it is 63.77%,64.37%,64.56%,64.91% respectively in the four years of 1985, 1990, 2000 and 2005.). The variance contribution of intrinsic mode function (IMF) and trend (R) showed that there were obvious special sales for ESVs in this study area, and the main spatial scales were about 2.7 km, 5.5 km, and 11.6 km. The variance contribution ratio was 12.29%, 11.26%, 11.49% respectively, and the trend (R) was high (17.74%). In conclusion, this study indicated that ecosystem conditions in the typical karst area were improved owing to the application of rocky desertification control policies, such as ecological migration and returning farmland to forestland. Besides, the main spatial scales of ESVs in the study area were the interactions of terrain, physiognomy, land use / land cover and human activities.     

不同经度地区北草蜥的喜好体温和热耐受性

在外温动物热生理特征的进化理论中,“静态”和“易变”是两个持续争论的对立观点。热生理学特征的种内变异是检验此类假设的最有力证据。本研究比较了不同经度地区北草蜥的热环境和热生理特征,以检验“静态”和“易变”假设。东部沿海地区(宁德)的环境温度高于内陆地区(贵阳),与之相适应,沿海地区北草蜥的喜好体温也高于内陆地区。然而,两地区蜥蜴的上临界温度和下临界温度无显著差异。尽管这些热生理学特征的种群间变异趋势并不一致,但是喜好温度随环境温度变化而改变的结果符合“易变”假设的预测。此外,本研究表明蜥蜴的喜好体温存在沿经度方向的地理变异。     

湘西苗族聚居地治蛇毒药用植物资源调查初报

采用民族植物学研究方法,对湘西苗族聚居地治蛇毒药用植物资源进行了初步调查分析,结果显示：本区共有220余种治蛇毒药用植物。隶属于89属75科。本文旨在为新药的发现和挖掘苗族蛇药文化底蕴提供参考资料。     

岩性和土地利用方式对桂西北喀斯特土壤肥力的影响

选取桂西北喀斯特石灰岩和砂页岩典型土地利用方式的土壤为研究对象,揭示土地利用方式和岩性对土壤肥力的影响.选取土壤的11项肥力指标进行因子分析,并对各样地的因子得分进行PCA排序和聚类分析.因子分析将11项指标归纳为土壤的综合肥力、土壤pH和全磷、有效磷和全钾4个因子.PCA排序和聚类分析结果表明:土壤的综合肥力主要受土地利用方式的影响,撂荒有利于土壤综合肥力的提高;土壤pH和全磷主要受母岩性质的影响,沙页岩发育的红壤pH和全磷含量都低于石灰土;有效磷和全钾主要受施肥的影响.与全国总体水平相比,桂西北喀斯特石灰岩和砂页岩土壤均很缺乏有效磷和全钾.石灰土可通过施用铵态氮肥提高磷的有效性,红壤可通过施用石灰提高有效磷含量.另外,喀斯特石灰岩和红壤区都需注重施用钾肥以改善土壤肥力.     

北细辛内生真菌的分离鉴定及代谢产物的生物活性

采用表面消毒法分别从3种北细辛中分离获得10株形态特征不同的优势内生真菌,经形态学和18S rDNA ITS分子分类学分析鉴定为小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)、柄孢壳菌属(Po-dospora sp.)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)和镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)。对北细辛优势内生真菌的发酵产物进行体外抗肿瘤和抗菌活性检测,结果表明:除菌株E3、E4和E10外,其余菌株均有不同程度的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性;镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)菌株E9对A549、MDA-MB-231和PANC-1肿瘤细胞抑制率达75%以上;小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)菌株E1和叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)菌株E2靶向FabI的抗菌活性较强,抑制率达59%。     

北柴胡种子内生菌群落结构与多样性

为研究北柴胡种子内生菌的群落结构与多样性.采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,分别对山西(BC_1)、黑龙江(BC_2)、河北(BC_3)和内蒙古(BC_4)的四个产地(4份)北柴胡种子的16S RNA V3-V4区和ITS1区扩增片段进行测序,并对内生细菌和内生真菌群落结构和多样性进行分析.结果表明,BC...     

北红尾鸲鸣唱句子内结构分化及利用其鸣唱识别个体

鸣唱具有吸引异性和驱赶同性的功能,受到性别间选择和性别内选择的共同影响。在少数鸟类中,不同的句子或同一句子的不同部分分别侧重执行吸引异性和驱赶同性的功能,句子的结构也相应的出现了分化。该研究于2011年繁殖季对北京小龙门地区32只北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)的鸣唱分析发现,其鸣唱的句子可以分为差异显著的两个部分:稳定部分和可变部分。这两个部分的语图相关变量在均值和变异系数上均有显著差异(配对样本t-检验,P<0.05)。其中稳定部分在个体内非常保守,而可变部分个体内存在较大的变化。在指出句子结构分化的基础上,利用北红尾鸲鸣唱的稳定部分进行个体识别,获得了较高的正确率。     

宁夏国外小麦种质资源考察、引进和利用

国外小麦种质资源引进在宁夏小麦引种中发挥着重要的作用。碧玉麦、阿勃、墨卡(卡杰姆F-71)、WC-20(宁春37)、9186(宁冬6号)等国外小麦品种在宁夏生产上直接利用。宁夏春小麦的品质杂交选育始于1953年,利用国外小麦种质资源先后培育出斗地1号、宁春4号等50余个春麦品种。1990年宁夏国外冬麦种质资源的引进带动了宁夏引黄灌区冬麦北移和耕作改制的研究,也引发了宁夏冬麦品种杂交选育的研究。宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦品种的杂交选育的工作始于1991年,经过15年的努力,杂交选育出第一批冬麦品种宁冬10号、宁冬11号,2010年在冬麦生产上取代了明丰5088,不仅实现了宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦品种第3次更新、实现了小麦品种的5次更新,而且使宁夏小麦生产水平跃上新台阶,有力地促进宁夏引黄灌区耕作制度改善和种植业结构的调整。