神经毒素BMAA在淡水池塘水体中的健康风险及调控技术

为掌握中国常见淡水养殖生态系统中神经毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸BMAA的污染水平,文章选取典型淡水养殖池塘的水体、底泥及6种水产品(河蚬、铜锈环棱螺、日本沼虾、中华绒螯蟹、青鱼和鲫)进行BMAA的含量检测,在此基础上开展BMAA对人体的健康风险评估.同时采用L-半胱氨酸修饰后的氧化石墨烯为载体,结合化感物质"没食子...     

留住三江的美丽——三江平原的保护与修复

三江平原是我国著名的沼泽化冲积低平原。建国以来,国家对三江平原的开发十分重视,但在低湿地上大量地排除渍水以开垦荒地,引起了局部下垫面的急剧改变,加上森林破坏严重,导致了该地区生态系统平衡的严重恶化。三江平原是我国著名的粮食供应基地,又分布着我国以至亚洲面积最大的淡水湿地,无论是从我国粮食的可持续生产,还是从保护湿地生态景观考虑,恢复和保护三江平原的生态系统平衡都已迫在眉睫。     

淡水驯化对桐花树光合生理特性的影响

以实验地全光照条件下淡水和人工海水培养种植的桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）幼苗为材料,采用Li 6400光合测定仪对不同月份桐花树幼苗的光合生理生态特性日动态进行测定,研究了桐花树的光合生理生态特性。结果表明：在7、10月份桐花树的净光合速率日变化呈双峰型,均出现“光合午休”现象。在7月份人工海水组和淡水组的最大净光合速率（P_max）分别为9.97和11.95 μmol·m^-2·s^-1;而10月份的P_max分别为12.2和12.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。而且淡水驯化下,桐花树的净光合速率较人工海水组高。由光响应曲线可知,桐花树人工海水组的最大净光合速率（P_max）、光饱和点（LSP）、光补偿点（LCP）和表观量子效率（AQY）分别为7 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,1 477 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,30 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,0.031 3;而淡水组为8.69 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,980 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,0.011。在所测的生理生态因子中,光合有效辐射和气孔导度是影响桐花树光合作用最为强烈的因子,与桐花树的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均有极显著的相关关系（p<0.01）。试验说明淡水驯化的桐花树对光强的利用范围变窄,但有较高的净光合速率,表明桐花树对淡水环境具有较强的适应性。     

Djrho2 is involved in regeneration of visual nerves in Dugesia japonica

The freshwater planarian is a powerful animal model for studying regeneration and stem cell activity in vivo.During regeneration,stem ceils (neoblasts in planarian) migrated to the wounding edge to re-build missing parts of the body.However, proteins involved in regulating cell migration during planarian regeneration have not been studied extensively.Here we report two small GTPase genes (Djrho2 and Djrho3) of Dugesia japonica (strain Pek-1).In situ hybridization results indicated that Djrho2 was expressed throughout the body with the exception of the pharynx region while Djrho3 was specifically expressed along the gastro-vaseular system.Djrho2 was largely expressed in neoblasts since its expression was sensitive to X-ray irradiation.In Djrho2-RNAi planarians, smaller anterior blaste-mas were observed in tail fragments during regeneration.Consistently, defective regeneration of visual nerve was detected by immu-nostainning with VC-1 antibody.These results suggested that Djrho2 is required for proper anterior regeneration in planairan.In contrast,no abnormality was observed after RNAi of Djrho3.We compared protein compositions of control and Djrho2-RNAi planarians using an optimized proteomic approach.Twenty-two up-regulated and 26 de-regulated protein spots were observed in the two-dimensional elec-trophoresis gels, and 17 proteins were successfully identified by Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis.Among them, 6 actin-binding or cy-toskeleton-related proteins were found de-expressed in Djrho2-RNAi animals, suggesting that abnormal cytoskeleton assembling and cell migration were likely reasons of defected regeneration.     

A small scale expression screen identifies tissue specific markers in the Dugesia japonica strain Pek-1

Freshwater planaria has tremendous capacity to reform the missing part of the body and therefore is considered as one of the most important model organism for regeneration study.At present,Schmidtea mediterranea and Dugesia japonica are the two major species utilized for laboratory manipulations.Dugesia japonica flatworms are widely distributed in the Far East including Cherry Valley region in the north-west area of Beijing,China.We reported here the establishment of an asexual Dugesia japonica strain Pek-1,as a suitable system for regeneration study.Using morphological,karyotypical as well as phyiogenetic analyses,we confirmed that these flatworms indeed belonged to Dugesia japonica.We went on to show that the commonly used in situ probes and immunohistochemistry reagents and protocols were applicable to the Pek-1 strain.Using this strain,we carried out small scale analysis on EST,RNAi and gene expression.We identified 193 unique EST sequences and 65 of them had not been reported in planarian.By RNAi analysis,we showed that 48 genes,when down-regulated individually,had no effect on regeneration.Furthermore,we identified 3 groups of tissue specific expressing genes that were useful for cell lineage analysis.We concluded that the Dugesia japonica Pek-1 swain could be another suitable animal model to regeneration research.     

河南发现淡水苔虫

苔藓动物是无脊椎动物中的一个小类群,为典型的固着型动物,目前已知世界上有约4000种,我国报道了199种。苔藓动物绝大多数生活在海洋中,是海洋污损生物的组成部分,我国渤海海域分布有15种。淡水苔虫的种类很少,只有几十种,我国已记录11种,分布在北京、杭州、沈阳、南京等?..     

拥有“近似人类思想”的蜘蛛

在南美洲亚马孙河流域的淡水和咸淡水水域生活着一种人称四眼鱼的奇特鱼类。四眼鱼别名上瞥鱼，是鲻形目鲻亚目四眼鱼科四眼鱼属的一种，卵胎生，体长可达30厘米左右，为中、南美洲水域特产。因其观赏价值而被归属为观赏鱼类。鱼如其名，这种鱼长着4只“眼睛”，它能同时看清水面上和水下的物体。凭着这独一无二的眼睛，四眼鱼能在同一时刻完成两项任务：露在水外的一对“眼睛”可以看到飞近水面的昆虫以完成捕食活动，     

亚洲龟：濒危的长寿物种

在海口和广州的某些市场上，我曾无数次亲眼目睹亚洲龟备受虐待的悲惨景象。它们被小贩们堆积成山，像丢石头一样扔来摔去，许多龟甲被摔裂，鲜红的血不停地往外渗。由于长时间脱水和饥饿，一批批死亡的个体被丢弃在一边，爬满了苍蝇。更惨不忍睹的是，商贩们在宰杀时，或是把它们活生生的放进沸水中，或是直接用利斧一劈两半。     

中国水龟类的核型与银带带型研究

以血培养细胞为材料,研究了三种水龟的核型与ＮＯＲｓ,结果表明,染色体数均为２ｎ＝５２,核型模式９＋５＋１２,属龟科核型中的原始类型,但眼斑水龟ＮＦ＝７６,而四眼斑水龟和黄喉拟水龟的ＮＦ＝７８。从核型结构看,眼斑水龟与四眼斑水龟相似,而黄喉拟水龟则有较大差别,作者还发现黄喉拟水龟核型的一些重要特征,即其Ａ组Ｎｏ．３和Ｎｏ．６染色体有次缢痕,Ｎ．别,作者还发现黄喉拟水龟核型的一些重要特征,即Ａ组这些是