祁连山高寒草地甘肃臭草叶性状与坡向间的关系

植物功能性状可反映植物对环境的适应。在祁连山高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型, 提取坡向数据, 采用标准化主轴估计方法(standardized major axis estimation, SMA), 研究了不同坡向甘肃臭草(Melica przewalskyi)叶性状间的关系。结果表明: 1)甘肃臭草叶面积和叶体积在北坡最大, 东坡、西坡、南坡逐渐减小, 叶干质量无显著变化; 2)叶面积与叶干质量在北坡、东坡和西坡呈等速生长关系, 在南坡呈异速生长关系, 且叶干质量的增长速度大于叶面积的增长速度; 3)叶体积与叶干质量在4个坡向上呈异速生长关系, 且叶干质量的增长速度均小于叶体积的增长速度。甘肃臭草叶性状关系随坡向的变化反映了该物种在异质生境中具有较强的叶片形态可塑性, 从而有利于其适应和占据高寒退化生境。     

HO-1在U2OS细胞DOX耐药中的作用及分子机制研究

目的:探讨血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)在骨肉瘤U2OS细胞多柔比星(DOX)耐药中的作用及相关分子机制。方法:体外培养U2OS细胞,建立U2OS-DOX耐药株,分为U2OS-WT组和U2OS-DOX组。采用siRNA HO-1转染U2OS-DOX细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞活性;RT-PCR法检测缺氧诱导因子1(HIF-1α)及HO-1的mRNA表达;WB法检测HIF-1α及HO-1的蛋白表达水平;流式细胞仪检测罗丹明Rh123在细胞内的蓄积。结果:DOX可降低U2OS细胞活性并随剂量的增加愈加明显,这种诱导作用可以被抗氧化剂(NAC)所逆转(P<0.01)。U2OS-DOX组HIF-1α及HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达以及P糖蛋白(P-gp)表达水平均显著增加(P<0.05)。转染可恢复U2OS-DOX细胞对DOX化疗敏感性并增加其对Rh123的蓄积(P<0.001)。结论:HO-1可能通过抗氧化应激、增加化疗药物的蓄积等机制发挥U2OS细胞对DOX的耐药性。     

Biomass estimation models and allocation patterns of 14 shrub species in Mountain Luya,Shanxi, China

Aims Shrub species have evolved specific strategies to regulate biomass allocation among various organs or between above- and belowground biomass and shrub biomass model is an important approach to estimate biomass allocation among different shrub species. This study was designed to establish the optimal estimation models for each organ (leaf, stem, and root), aboveground and total biomass of 14 common shrub species in Mountain Luya, Shanxi Province, China. Furthermore, we explored biomass allocation characteristics of these shrub species by using the index of leaf biomass fraction (leaf to total biomass), stem biomass fraction (stem to total biomass), root biomass fraction (root to total biomass), and root to shoot mass ratio (R/S) (belowground to aboveground biomass).
Methods We used plant height, basal diameter, canopy diameter and their combination as variables to establish the optimal biomass estimation models for each shrub species. In addition, we used the ratios of leaf, stem, root to total biomass, and belowground to aboveground biomass to explore the difference of biomass allocation patterns of 14 shrub species.
Important findings Most of biomass estimation models could be well expressed by the exponential and linear functions. Biomass for shorter shrub species with more stems could be better estimated by canopy area; biomass for taller shrub species with less stems could be better estimated by the sum of the square of total base diameter multiply stem height; and biomass for the rest shrub species could be better estimated by canopy volume. The averaged value for these shrub species was 0.61, 0.17, 0.48, and 0.35 for R/S, leaf biomass fraction, stem biomass fraction, and root biomass fraction, respectively. Except for leaf biomass fraction, R/S, stem biomass fraction, and root biomass fraction for shrubs with thorn was significantly greater than that for shrubs without thorn.     

Variations and interrelationships of foliar hydraulic and photosynthetic traits for Larix gmelinii

Aims Variations and potential trade-offs of leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits are essential for assessing and predicting the effect of climate change on tree survival, growth and distribution. Our aims were to examine variations and interrelationships of leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in response to changes in site conditions for Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii)—a dominant tree species in Chinese boreal forests.Methods This study was conducted at the Maoershan Forest Ecosystem Research Station. A transect of 27 year-old Dahurian larch plantation was established that consisted of five plots extending from the valley to the ridge of a slope. The predawn leaf water potential (Ψ_pre), area- and mass-based leaf hydraulic conductance (K_area and K_mass, respectively), resistance to embolism capacity (P₅₀), leaf mass per area (LMA), net photosynthetic rate (A), and leaf nitrogen content (N) were measured in August 2016.Important findings The Ψ_pre, K_area, K_mass, P₅₀, A, LMA, and N all varied significantly among the plots (p < 0.05), indicating significant intra-specific variations in these traits in response to the changes in site conditions. The P₅₀ was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with Ψ_pre, K_area or K_mass, suggesting that a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety exist within the species to some degree. There were significant (p < 0.05) pairwise correlations between A, LMA, and N. Nevertheless, there was no significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the measured photosynthetic traits and hydraulic traits. We concluded that the intra-specific variations and multiple interrelationships of the leaf hydraulic and photosynthetic traits for the larch reflect the plasticity of its leaf traits and strategies of its survival and growth as a result of its acclimation to diverse site conditions.     

多源多角度遥感数据反演森林叶面积指数方法

利用北京1号和Landsat多源数据组合成4个角度多波段数据集, 在考虑森林三维垂直分布特点的基础上, 结合INFORM几何光学与辐射传输混合模型, 通过聚类+神经元网络方式, 建立相应的多源多角度LAI反演模型。最后利用实地LAI测量数据和MODIS LAI产品, 对不同角度组合和噪声水平下的LAI反演结果进行验证。结果表明: 在保证数据质量的条件下, 通过增加角度可以提高森林的LAI反演精度, 最终R²=0.713, RMSE=0.957, 比单个角度的反演精度平均提高约20%。     

第20届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛（8）实验考试

实验考试2 生物化学 100分,90min。 介绍： 在酸性条件下,酸性磷酸酶使磷酸化的分子释放磷酸离子。本实验的目的是测定酸性磷酸酶的比活力（性）。任务1,测定土豆粗提物中酸性磷酸酶的活力。任务2,测定任务1粗提物中的蛋白浓度。结合任务1和任务2．可获得酸性磷酸酶的比活力（性）,它的活力用每单位时间每单位蛋白量表示。比活力（性）是蛋白纯度的指标,它的值随蛋白纯度的提高而升高。     

血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎患者肺功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎患者肺功能的影响。方法：选择2017年1月～2019年12月我院的103例重症肺炎患者,随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注比阿培南0.3 g ,每 8 h给药1次;观察组联合静脉滴注血必净50 mL,每天两次。检测两组的炎症因子：白介素-1（Interleukin-1, IL-1）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）和IL-6水平,应激激素：皮质醇（Cortisol, Cor）、人血管紧张素Ⅰ（Human angiotensin I, AngⅠ）、去甲肾上腺素（Noradrenaline, NE）和人血管紧张素Ⅱ（Human angiotensinⅡ, AngⅡ）水平,肺功能：第一秒最大呼气量（Maximum expiratory volume in the first second, FEV₁）、FEV₁%pred、用力肺活量（Forced vital capacity, FVC）。结果：观察组的有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组的血清IL-1、TNF-α、IL-6、Cor、AngⅠ、NE和AngⅡ水平水平均明显降低,FEV₁、FEV₁%pred和FEV₁/FVC明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组的上述指标明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：血必净注射液联合比阿培南对重症肺炎有显著的疗效,不但能明显改善肺功能,还能有效抑制患者的应激反应和炎症反应,值得推广。     

布比卡因与左旋布比卡因在剖宫产手术中麻醉效果比较

目的：探讨蛛网膜下腔注射左旋布比卡因和布比卡因对剖宫产手术中的麻醉效果。方法：选取2012年3月到2013年3月期间在我院住院进行剖宫产手术产妇60例作为研究对象。随机分为左旋布比卡因组与布比卡因组,观察两组患者的麻醉效果以及术后不良反应的发生情况。结果：剖宫产手术中左旋布比卡因和布比卡因的蛛网膜下腔注射麻醉后的5min和7min后MAP值与麻醉前比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。左旋布比卡因和布比卡因的蛛网膜下腔注射麻醉后的5min、7min、10min以及15minHR值比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。左旋布比卡因和布比卡因的蛛网膜下腔注射麻醉后Bromage评分0分时间和麻醉后切口感觉疼痛时间相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。左旋布比卡因和布比卡因麻醉后的不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：剖宫产手术麻醉中布比卡因的麻醉效果好于左旋布比卡因,临床上剖宫产等腹部手术应该选择布比卡因进行临床麻醉．．     

Comparison of sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern and northern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi

It is widely accepted that the genetic divergence and reproductive incompat- ibility between closely related species and/or populations is often viewed as an important step toward speciation. In this study, sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern XS population and the northern TA population of the polyandrous cabbage beetle Co- laphellus bowringi was investigated by testing their mating preferences, mating latency, copulation duration, and reproductive performances of post-mating. In choice mating ex- periments, the percentages ofmatings were significantly higher in intra-population crosses than in inter-population crosses. Both isolation index （/） and index of pair sexual isolation （/PSi） indicated partial mating incompatibility or assortative mating in crosses between the two different geographical populations. In single pair mating experiments, XS females in inter-population crosses mated significantly later and copulated significantly shorter than those in intra-population crosses. However, TA females in inter-population crosses mated significantly earlier and copulated longer than those in intra-population crosses, suggesting that larger XS males may enhance heterotypic mating. The lifetime fecundity was highest in XS homotypic matings, lowest in TA homotypic matings, and intermedi- ate in heterotypic rnatings between their parents. The inter-population crosses resulted in significantly lower egg hatching rate and shorter female longevity than intra-population crosses. These results demonstrated that there exist some incompatibilities in premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic stages between the southern XS population and northern TA population of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.     

氮磷比对蛋白核小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻种间竞争的影响

为了了解饵料微藻的种间竞争关系,通过微藻共培养的方法,以NaNO3和KH2PO3作为氮源和磷源,研究了氮磷比对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)种间竞争的影响。结果表明:在单养模式下,蛋白核小球藻生长适宜的N/P为4~22,N/P22时其生长受抑制,而湛江等鞭金藻生长受N/P影响不明显;共养模式可促进蛋白核小球藻的生长,而抑制湛江等鞭金藻的生长;蛋白核小球藻具有明显的竞争优势,且N/P为13和16时其种群竞争优势最明显;在蛋白核小球藻大规模生产性培养时可接入等生物量或少量湛江等鞭金藻,一方面利用共养模式提高蛋白核小球藻的产量,另一方面可根据养殖生产需要适时采收混合藻类饵料用于投喂。