缙云山森林土壤速效N、P、K时空特征研究

研究了缙云山森林生态系统内4个演替阶段群落的土壤速效N、P、K的时空特性,结果表明：①除灌草丛的速效K外,速效N、P、K含量在不同群落的土壤剖面上均具有明显的层次性,即腐殖质层（A）＞沉积层（B）＞母质层（C）。②A、B两层的速效N、K含量随群落演替方向升高,即灌草丛＜针叶林＜针阔混交林＜常绿阔叶林,速效P含量则为：针叶林＜针阔混交林＜灌草林＜常绿阔叶林。C层速效N、P、K含量似乎与群落演替规律无必然联系。③各群落内A、B层土壤速效N、P、K含量均表现出明显的季节动态,动态规律因元素类型和土壤层次而有差别。     

城市污泥对退化森林生态系统土壤的人工熟化研究

森林退化问题在热带亚热带地区较为严重,在广东鹤山丘陵地区进行的野外试验结果表明,施用城市污水厂污泥可有效地促进树木的生长发育如增加株高和地径,对林中的灌草层植被也有促进和改善;同时可提高林地土壤肥力如土壤有机质和有效养分等,对土壤重金属残留的监测表明,施用污水厂污泥后主要问题是增加了Pb含量,其增加量随污泥用量增加而增加;其它重金属增加不显著。     

外源碘在森林土壤中的残留及对山野菜植物的施用效果

以培育富碘山野菜为目标,在东北森林暗棕壤上进行了5种山野菜施碘试验。碘肥种类为碘化钾(KI),施碘剂量为1．00、3．33、10．00、16．67和50．00mg·kg^-1。结果表明,土壤施碘是培育富碘山野菜的有效途径,从低施用量到高施用量,不同山野菜植物的含碘量可达对照的2～40倍,但外源碘在土壤中的当年残留率并不高,仅有40％～5％残留,并且随着施入量增加而迅速降低;植物对碘的积累也并非总是随着施入量的增加而增加,施碘量达到10．00mg·kg^-1时,大部分植物的碘积累量趋于稳定。从施碘条件下外源碘的土壤残留率、植物碘积累特征及施用成本等方面综合考虑,适宜的施碘量上限大约为10mg·kg^-1．土壤因素显著影响施碘效果,栽培地应选择土质细腻、肥沃的中上坡地段,砂砾质土壤和易形成水分潜流的下坡土壤都不利于肥料碘的保持和植物吸收。     

网柄细胞状黏菌生态学的研究进展

网柄细胞状黏菌(简称网柄菌)是黏菌的第二大类群,对其生态特征的研究有助于深入了解这类生物适宜的生存条件和人类活动的影响。本文回顾了1869年至今的网柄菌生态学研究历史,从地理因素、植被因素、生物因素三个角度,探讨了影响网柄菌物种丰度和多度的生态因素,从而为土壤及凋落物中黏菌的物种多样性保护提供参考。     

缙云山森林土壤速效P的分布特征及其与物种多样性的关系研究

土壤状况直接影响着植物的生长发育 ,植物在整个生长发育过程中也能通过根系分泌物和枯落物等改善土壤的水、热、气、肥等理化性质[6 ] 。研究表明 ,土壤理化性质与种子萌发、幼苗定居密切相关 ,且幼苗在定居过程中能分泌氨基酸和有机酸作用于土壤 ,为其生长创造适宜的土壤条件[9] 。Ｍｃｋｅｅ研究指出 ,红树林的土壤理化性质影响着群落内植物种类的分布格局[10 ] 。Ｆｒａｎｃｏ ｖｉｚｃａｉｎｏ等对墨西哥加里佛尼亚沙漠的土壤性质和植物多样性的研究则表明 ,土壤的Ｃａ/Ｍｇ比例与植物多样性密切相关 ,且二者是协同发展的[11] 。可见 ,…     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤氮转化的海拔效应

采用树脂芯法将哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林内土壤分别移植到中海拔的次生林和低海拔的人工林下培养,并以原地培养为对照,对土壤氮素转化的海拔效应进行了研究.土壤氮素的净矿化速率、净硝化速率和淋溶速率受季节和海拔的影响极为显著(P＜0.01).海拔的影响在雨季前期最显著,高海拔土壤的净矿化和净硝化速率分别为-5.81和-4.18mg N·kg-1·60d-1,移植到中、低海拔培养后,净矿化速率分别为20.92和44.15 mgN·kg-1· 60 d-1,净硝化速率分别为17.07和20.38 mgN· kg-1 ·60d-1,淋溶量也分别增加了0.37倍和2.77倍.由于雨季中后期反硝化作用增加导致净矿化和净硝化速率降低,导致高、中海拔培养的土壤净氮矿化速率在雨季中期达到最高值,雨季后期降低.由此可推断,未来的气候变暖很可能会加快哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤氮素的转化速率和气态损失量.     

尖峰岭热带森林土壤C储量和CO2排放量的初步研究

 本文根据定位观测数据和有关历史资料,研究了海南岛尖峰岭林区主要森林土壤的有机C储量、热带山地雨林和半落叶季雨林凋落物的C储量和林地CO2的排放量、以及“刀耕火种”和砍伐森林等人类活动对土壤C的影响,对于进一步认识热带林的生态功能,弄清我国温室气体的排放量,正确评价中国森林在全球生物圈C平衡中的作用,具有一定的参考价值。     

氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量的影响

大气氮沉降已经并将继续对森林土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)通量产生影响.综述了国内外氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量影响及其机理的研究现状.由于森林类型、土壤N状况、氮沉降量及沉降类型等不同,氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量的影响主要表现为抑制、促进和不显著3种效果.在N限制的森林中,氮沉降对土壤主要温室气体通量无显著影响,或促进土壤CO2排放;在"N饱和"的森林中,氮沉降可减少土壤CO2排放,抑制对大气CH4的吸收,增加N2O排放.分析了产生以上影响效果的作用机理,介绍了氮沉降对森林土壤主要温室气体通量影响的研究方法,探讨了该领域存在的问题及未来研究的方向.     

Soil carbon storage and its determinants in the forests of Shaanxi Province,China

Aims The bank of soil carbon of forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Our aim is to understand the characteristics of soil carbon storage and its determinants in the forests in Shaanxi Province.Methods The data of forest inventory in 2009 and resampling in 2011 were used to analyze the characteristics of soil carbon storage and its determinants in the forest soil in Shaanxi Province.Important findings The soil carbon storage in the forests in Shaanxi Province was 579.68 Tg. Soil carbon storage of Softwood and Hardwood forests were the highest among all forest types, accounting for 36.35% of the whole province forest soil carbon storage. The forest soil carbon storage was 4.15 times greater in the natural forest (467.17 Tg) than that in the plantations. The young and middle-aged forests were the main contributors to the total carbon storage across all age groups, accounting for about 57.30% of the total forest soil carbon storage. The average soil carbon density of forests in Shaanxi Province was 90.68 t∙hm^-2, in which the soil carbon density of Betula forests was the highest (141.74 t∙hm^-2). Soil carbon density of different forest types were gradually decreased with soil depth. In addition, it was highest in middle-aged forest. Soil carbon density was higher in the natural forest ecosystems than that in the plantations within the each age group, indicating natural forest ecosystems have higher capacity of carbon sequestration. Differences in the spatial patterns between carbon storage and density indicated that carbon storage was related to forest coverage. The soil carbon density and storage of forests in Yulin were the lowest across the province. This suggests that, in order to enhance the regional carbon sequestration capacity in this region, we need to appropriately strengthen artificial afforestation activities and manage them scientifically and rationally. The soil carbon density of forests in Shaanxi Province decreased with the increase of longitude, latitude, and annual temperature, but increased with the increase of altitude and annual rainfall. This study provides data basis for provincial estimation of forest soil carbon bank in China.