两种热带雨林树苗对环境光强变化的生理响应和适应机制

干季末雨季初以西双版纳热带雨林中木奶果和玉蕊2种树苗为材料,研究了将生长于12.5%自然光（相当于小林窗的光强）和36%自然光（相当于大林窗的光强）下的这2种树苗分别移至36%自然光和12.5%自然光下之后各自叶片最大净光合速率（Pmax）、叶绿素荧光参数、光合色素含量、比叶重（LMA）以及叶片悬挂角（MA）的变化过程,探讨了2种植物幼苗在生长环境光强改变后其形态和生理生态特性做出的相应调整以适应新的光环境的过程与机制。结果表明,这2种树苗均不适宜生长在大林窗的强光环境下,但木奶果对光环境的增强表现出一定的耐受力,光合适应潜力强于玉蕊,2种树苗对低光环境都能较好地适应;新叶的生成在整株植物对生长光环境变化的适应过程中也起到至关重要的作用。     

Stipa tenacissima Does not Affect the Foliar δ13C and δ15N of Introduced Shrub Seedlings in a Mediterranean Semi-arid Steppe

Recent studies have shown that the tussock grass Stipa tenacissima L. facilitates the establishment of late-successional shrubs, in what constitutes the first documented case of facilitation of woody plants by grasses. With the aim of increasing our knowledge of this interaction, in the present study we investigated the effects of S. tenacissima on the foliar δ13C, δ15N, nitrogen concentration, and carbon ： nitrogen ratio of introduced seedlings of Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus coccifera L., and Medicago arborea L. in a semi-arid Mediterranean steppe. Six months after planting, the values of δ13C ranged between -26.9‰ and -29.6‰, whereas those of δ15N ranged between -1.9‰ and 2.7‰. The foliar C ： N ratio ranged between 10.7 and 53.5, and the nitrogen concentration ranged between 1.0% and 4.4%. We found no significant effect of the microsite provided by S. tenacissima on these variables in any of the species evaluated. The values of δ13C were negatively correlated with predawn water potentials in M. arborea and were positively correlated with relative growth rate in Q. coccifera. The values of δ15N were positively correlated with the biomass allocation to roots in the latter species. The present results suggest that the modification of environmental conditions in the are surrounding S. tenacissima was not strong enough to modify the foliar isotopic and nitrogen concentration of shrubs during the early stages after planting.     

热带雨林蒲桃属3个树种的幼苗光合作用对生长光强的适应

 测定了生长于3种光强下（100％、42％和14％自然光强） 热带雨林演替早期（思茅蒲桃Syzygium latilimbum）、中期（乌墨S.cumini）和后期（阔叶蒲桃S. szemaoense）出现的蒲桃属 （Syzygium）3个树种幼苗叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化、比叶重和叶绿素含量。发现演替早期树种光合能力和光合可塑性最大、中期树种次之,后期树种光合能力最弱且在强光下受到显著抑制。但是,生长在强光下,3个树种均未发生长期光抑制和光破坏。随生长光强增加,3个树种热耗散速率都升高。不过在强光下,中期和后期树种通过热耗散消耗的过剩光能较多,通过叶黄素循环的热耗散可能对于这两个树种在强光下避免光合机构的光破坏起到了重要作用。14％光强下,3个树种最大净光合速率、光合作用的光饱和点、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率、比叶重降低,叶片单位干重叶绿素含量提高,对低光环境有了较好的形态学和生理学适应。但是,在4％光强下思茅蒲桃和乌墨幼苗全部死亡,只有阔叶蒲桃幼苗仍能存活,说明阔叶蒲桃幼苗适应弱光环境的能力高于思茅蒲桃和乌墨,与它们的演替状态一致。     

Proteomic Analysis of the Response of Liangyoupeijiu （Super High-Yield Hybrid Rice） Seedlings to Cold Stress

Liangyoupeijiu is a super high-yield hybrid rice. Despite its advantages with respect to yield and grain quality, it is sensitive to cold, which keeps it from being widely cultivated. We subjected Liangyoupeijiu seedlings to 4 ℃ cold treatment, then extracted the leaf proteins. After 2-D gel electrophoresis separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, a series of differentially displayed proteins were identified. Some metabolism-associated proteins were found among the downregulated proteins, such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, transketolase 1, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The upregulated proteins included both stress-resistance proteins such as nucleoside diphosphate kinase I and proteins that are negative for rice growth, such as FtsH-like protein, plastid fusion and/or translocation factor （Pftf） and actin. Our results indicate that cold may inhibit Liangyoupeijiu growth through decreasing metabolic activity and damaging cell structure.