叶绿体S S R标记:柑橘体细胞杂种胞质遗传分析的一种新方法

从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)、烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)和黑松(Pinus thunbergiiParl.)等植物的22对叶绿体SSR引物中筛选出 5对能用于柑橘叶绿体SSR分析的引物,应用这5对引物对9个组合的柑橘体细胞杂种的叶绿体遗传进行了分析.结果表明:这些组合再生的杂种中叶绿体都呈现随机分离,该现象与以前报道的RFLP分析结果一致,而且其可靠性已被CAPS分析所证实.表明柑橘叶绿体SSR同RFLP及CAPS一样可靠,并且更简单高效、易于操作,特别适合对柑橘等植物体细胞杂种进行早期胞质遗传组成分析.     

Cytoskeleton in Pollen and Pollen Tubes of Ginkgo biloba L.

The distribution of F-actin and microtubules was investigated in pollen and pollen tubes of Ginkgo biloba L. using a confocal laser scanning microscope after fluorescence and immunofluorescence labeling. A dense F-actin network was found in hydrated Ginkgo pollen. When Ginkgo pollen was germinating,F-actin mesh was found under the plasma membrane from which the pollen tube would emerge. After pollen germination, F-actin bundles were distributed axially in long pollen tubes of G. biloba. Thick F-actin bundles and network were found in the tip of the Ginkgo pollen tube, which is opposite to the results reported for the pollen tubes of some angiosperms and conifers. In addition, a few circular F-actin bundles were found in Ginkgo pollen tubes. Using immunofluorescence labeling, a dense microtubule network was found in hydrated Ginkgo pollen under confocal microscope. In the Ginkgo pollen tube, the microtubules were distributed along the longitudinal axis and extended to the tip. These results suggest that the cytoskeleton may have an essential role in the germination of Ginkgo pollen and tube growth.     

5-氯水杨醛缩2,4-二羟基苯酰肼的抗菌抗氧化活性研究

目的考察5-氯水杨醛缩2,4-二羟基苯酰肼对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性及体外抗氧化活性。方法采用试管法和平板法测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC),绘制杀菌曲线,并通过扫描电镜研究其作用机制,采用DPPH法测定抗氧化活性。结果该化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为2.5 mg/m L,MBC为5 mg/m L。杀菌曲线结果表明该化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌作用表现出明显的浓度依赖性。扫描电镜结果表明该化合物的作用机制可能与破坏菌体细胞壁、改变其通透性有关。同时该化合物具有较强的清除自由基的能力。结论 5-氯水杨醛缩2,4-二羟基苯酰肼具有显著的抗金黄色葡萄球菌作用,同时具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。     

Is Tetranychus urticae suitable prey for development and reproduction of nafve Coleomegilla maculata？

The lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata De Geer is an omnivorous predator that could help suppress aphid and spider mite populations on plants in greenhouses, plantscapes or interiorscapes. We are assessing the nutritional requirements and feeding behavior of C. maculata on target prey （spider mites） and factitious （unnatural） food. Our ultimate goal is to develop an efficacious diet to mass produce C. maculata. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Tetranychus urticae Koch （two-spotted spider mite） is not suitable prey for development and reproduction of naive C. maculata （i.e., with no prior exposure to T. urticae）. Our objectives were to （i） provide baseline data on the effects of consuming T. urticae on C. maculata life history, （ii） to compare the effects of consuming all stages of T. urticae versus eggs ofMusca domestica L. （common housefly）, and （iii） to determine if the consumption of plant products was beneficial. We used C. maculata from a colony reared only on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller （Mediterranean flour moth） eggs. In experiments, C. maculata larvae were reared from the first instar to adult stage with prey/food in replicated arenas; adult females were paired with a single male with prey/food. The results showed that naive C. maculata readily attacked and consumed T. urticae. Nevertheless, T. urticae was less suitable than M. domestica eggs for C. maculata development and reproduction. Applying a synthetic pollen-Chlorella alga powder （SPCA） in arenas containing T. urticae appeared to boost C. maculata female development and reproduction.     

漆斑霉属(丝孢纲):3新种、1新变种暨中国土壤中已知漆斑霉属真菌分种(变种)检索表

报道分离自中国土壤的漆斑霉属Myrothecium的3个新种:杆状漆斑霉M.bacilliforme、二形孢漆斑霉M.biforme、大孢漆斑霉M.macrosporum,和1个新变种:外来漆斑霉土栖变种M.advena var.terricola,对它们作了较详细的形态描述、图解和讨论。文后列出了中国土壤中12个已知漆斑霉分种(变种)检索表。模式种和所有研究过的标本(干制培养物)及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。等模式标本(干制培养物)存放在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

何首乌营养器官结构与二苯乙烯苷的积累动态研究

采用显微制片技术、组织化学定位和二苯乙烯苷定量分析等方法,对何首乌的各种营养器官分别进行了二苯乙烯苷的定位、含量和相应的组织结构特征研究。结果表明:二苯乙烯苷在何首乌的各类营养器官中均有分布,依据含量排序为:根状茎块根叶茎。二苯乙烯苷的含量因营养器官的生长发育时期不同而发生变化(茎除外)。二苯乙烯苷在何首乌块根中的积累变化是呈直线上升趋势(4月份除外),10月末含量最为丰富;在根状茎和叶中二苯乙烯苷的变化趋势一致,8月末积累达到最大值;二苯乙烯苷在茎中含量较少,且在任何生长期内变化不明显。何首乌的块根属于异常结构,栓内层、次生韧皮部、三生韧皮部和维管射线是其积累二苯乙烯苷的主要场所;二苯乙烯苷在根状茎中的主要积累组织有栓内层、皮层、次生韧皮和维管射线;栅栏组织是叶内二苯乙烯苷积累的主要场所。     

人二倍体细胞2BS株在不同培养瓶中的培养特性研究

目的:在同等试验条件下,比较二倍体细胞2BS株在T75培养瓶和玻璃方瓶培养的生物学特性及传代极限。方法:复苏同一批次二倍体细胞2BS株,在两种容器下进行极限传代,对各代次培养期间细胞形态进行观察、细胞计数及培养液的PH测定等。结果:T75培养瓶培养2BS细胞,细胞贴壁迅速,增值能力强,经显微镜观察细胞形态,均优于玻璃方瓶,并能连续传代至72代。结论:人胚肺二倍体细胞在T75培养瓶内连续传代,不但能迅速增殖,而且比玻璃方瓶更长期的保持细胞生物学特征。     

二维回转培养对MLO-Y4骨样细胞PKD2表达定位及胞内钙信号的影响

目的：PKD2（polycystin2,多囊肾病蛋白2）能够在细胞膜上形成无选择性的阳离子通道,在肾上皮细胞中PKD2与初级纤毛共定位,通过改变胞内的钙信号过程参与细胞对力学刺激的响应。本实验通过二维回转培养来模拟失重效应,旨在探讨二维回转培养对MLO-Y4骨样细胞PKD2表达定位,及胞内钙信号的影响。初步了解PKD2在小鼠骨样细胞MLO-Y4响应力学刺激过程中起的作用。方法：采用二维回转培养骨样细胞MLO-Y4,用RT-PCR和western blotting检测PKD2的表达,用荧光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞中PKD2与初级纤毛的定位及细胞内钙离子含量。结果：与对照组相比,在二维回转培养后,骨样细胞MLO-Y4的PKD2表达在mRNA和蛋白水平都有明显的下降,PKD2、PKD1（polycystin1,多囊肾病蛋白1）和乙酰化的α-tubulin共定位,同时二维回转培养降低了细胞内钙离子含量。结论：在二维回转培养下,PKD2可能通过调节自身表达来改变细胞膜上PKD通道的数目和开放情况来影响细胞内钙离子含量,参与骨细胞对细胞外应力的感受过程,其详细机制还有待进一步实验研究。这将对探讨骨细胞响应力学刺激的具体机制提供重要的理论依据。