动物病理学在新药开发风险控制中的作用

目的 进行临床前研究的主要原因在于,保证研究中新药探索实验中尤其是研发早期试验人群的安全,因为只是减少健康志愿者身上的风险无益于保证（所有）受试者的安全.内容 本文从新药研发的两个阶段分别对病理学在临床前风险控制研究中的作用进行了讨论.结论 在非临床前新药研发阶段的风险控制中,让病理学家参与到新药研发的风险管理队伍中来,帮助研发、监控研发,是成功研发与优良的风险管理策略相衔接的关键.     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

我国科学家在Cell上发表"神经细胞极性原理"论文

脑是最奇妙的信息加工和传导机构。脑神经传导信息必须是有次序的,有序的信息传导依赖神经细胞的特殊结构。一个神经细胞通常有两种纤维：树突用来接收信号,轴突用来发放信号。神经细胞的基本极性在于树突和轴突的差别。如果没有这个基本极性,神经信息的传导就会乱套。那么这个重要的极性是如何形成的呢?中国科学工作者们在分子水平研究了确定神经细胞极性的原理。     

长江的另一种危机 当地渔民对濒危物种的快速遗忘

<正>同其它工作一样,物种保护离不开第一手资料的积累。通常情况下,这种资料的来源有两处:对物种进行研究以及对当地居民开展调查。由于前者是在研究人员的精心设计下实施的,因此获得的资料相当具有科学性。相比之下,在许多人眼里,后者往往是零散乃至虚妄的.所以有时会被研究者忽略。然而.随着实践的发展.人们越来越意识到,物种保护工作是一个复杂的     

铅污染现状及其修复机理研究进展

介绍了铅污染的现状、修复机理及存在的问题。其中重点阐述了国内在寻找铅的超累积植物的研究进展,国外研究者对铅在植物体内吸收、运输和储存机理方面的研究现状,同时对已发现的与铅污染有关的基因以及转基因技术的应用情况进行了简单介绍,并探讨了提高铅污染修复效率的一些方法。     

Melatonin and schistosomal antigens ameliorate the anti-oxidative and biochemical response to Schistosoma mansoni infection in hamster

The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant separately or in combination with antigens (cercarial; CAP or soluble worm; SWAP) against Schistosoma mansoni infection in hamsters. Each hamster was sensitized with an initial immunization of 0.6 ml of the extracted antigen (30 μg protein/mL). After four days,a second injection of 0.4 mL was given (20 μg protein/mL). Then,each hamster was exposed to 260±20 S.mansoni cercariae followed with melatonin...     

微触须在乳腺癌的扩散中起重要作用

<正>来自马里兰大学格林鲍姆癌症研究中心(University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center)的研究人员发现微触须(Microtentacles),也就是乳腺癌细胞细胞膜的延伸,在癌症的远处转移过程中起了一定作     

药物所研究人员发现可同时治疗SARS和感冒的双效天然产物

日前,中国科学院上海生命科学研究院药物研究所和新加坡理工学院的研究人员通过合作,成功找到一种天然产物,可以和SARS冠状病毒及感冒病毒中负责病毒复制和传播的蛋白酶强烈结合,导致该蛋白酶的功能丧失,从而阻断SARS病毒和感冒病毒在人体细胞内的进一步复制与传播,达到预防或治疗SARS和感冒的目的。     

对写作植物学科研论文的一些看法

论述了植物学研究论文写作中的选题,结构布局及其各部分写作中常见的错误,指明植物学研究论文的基本特征及其提高写作水平的方法。     

加强农作物抗病虫性研究的基本途径探讨

针对中国农作物病虫害发生发展态势及抗病虫育种中存在的问题,探讨深入开展农作物抗病虫性研究的基本途径。内容涉及抗病虫种质资源的收集和保存,农作物种质抗病虫性鉴定和评价,抗病虫鉴定技术的建立和完善,作物抗病虫性机制及其遗传变异规律,多抗性优良新种质和品种(系)的培育和创造,抗病基因快速分析体系的组建及作物品种抗病虫性的保持与提高等。