An Overview of the Biology of Reaction Wood Formation

Reaction wood possesses altered properties and performs the function of regulating a tree＇s form, but it is a serious defect in wood utility. Trees usually develop reaction wood in response to a gravistimulus. Reaction wood in gymnosperms is referred to as compression wood and develops on the lower side of leaning stems or branches. In arboreal, dicotyledonous angiosperms, however, it is called tension wood and is formed on the upper side of the leaning. Exploring the biology of reaction wood formation is of great value for the understanding of the wood differentiation mechanisms, cambial activity, gravitropism, and the systematics and evolution of plants. After giving an outline of the variety of wood and properties of reaction wood, this review lays emphasis on various stimuli for reaction wood induction and the extensive studies carried out so far on the roles of plant hormones in reaction wood formation. Inconsistent results have been reported for the effects of plant hormones. Both auxin and ethylene regulate the formation of compression wood in gymnosperms. However, the role of ethylene may be indirect as exogenous ethylene cannot induce compression wood formation. Tension wood formation is mainly regulated by auxin and gibberellin. Interactions among hormones and other substances may play important parts in the regulation of reaction wood formation.     

生物技术带来的安全隐患

以重组DNA技术为核心的现代生物技术蓬勃发展,在农、牧、食品加工、医药卫生等方面,已经产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。但是,现代生物技术对生态环境和人类健康带来的潜在危害,使得人们开始关注生物安全。狭义的生物安全问题,是指现代生物技术的研究、开发、应用以及转基因生物的跨国越境转移可能对生物多样性、生态环境和人类健康产生潜在的不利影响。特别是各类转基因活生物体释放到环境中,可     

甘露聚糖酶的多样性分析

不同来源的甘露聚糖酶在组成、结构形式、理化性质以及催化功能等方面表现出丰富的多样性,其原因主要在于底物多样性的选择、编码基因的差异、翻译后加工修饰的差异以及酶作用微环境的影响,对此进行了综述.     

子叶节区理论与木材结构的演化

从系统发育看,出现最早的应是早已灭亡的乔木状蕨类植物的隐花植物式木材,例如：Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ,ｓｐｈｅｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ等。现存的都是出现在古生代末期和中生代以后的显花植物式木材,它包括裸子植的的叶子树材与被子植物的痴味树材。     

贻贝、扇贝废弃物的深加工综合利用

本文综述了贻贝、扇贝废弃物的营养价值,包括基本组成成份及其氨基酸、油脂脂肪酸的组成。分析了贻贝和扇贝废弃物深加工综合利用价值及其开发利用的技术和产品。     

不同生境下蓝桉的木材解剖研究

用光镜及扫描电镜对不同生境下的蓝桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｇｌｏｂｕｌｕｓ Ｌａｂｉｌｌ．）木材结构进行了解剖学观察,描述了木材结构特征。以蓝桉木材的１１ 个主要特征——导管频率、单孔率、导管直径、导管分子长度、管胞长度和直径、纤维管胞长度和直径、纤维长度、射线频率和高度为指标,对生长在不同生境下的蓝桉进行比较发现：随着纬度的增加,生长轮变化不明显;木材中大部分组成分子的数量特征,除导管频率有降低趋势外均与纬度成正相关。评述了年降雨量对蓝桉木材结构的影响     

银杏综合开发利用（综述）

本文综述近年来国内对银杏叶、外种皮、种仁、木材及银杏组织培养等方面的综合开发利用。     

南京野生植物综合利用研究院简介

中华全国供销合作总社南京野生植物综合利用研究院始建于1978年,是我国专门从事野生植物资源开发和农林特产资源深加工研究的中央级科研院所,现设植物资源、资源化学、生物化工、食品工程、工艺装备和天然日化6个重点研究室,拥有各类专业人才百余名。     

百年印记红木家具

<正>红木家具是国粹,倍受世人青睐。从历史来看,我国与海外的木材交易,自汉朝已经开始,明朝郑和下西洋以瓷器、丝绸、铜铁器和金币等与当地交换木材和土特产等。同时东南亚各国也以朝贡等形式把木材和当地土特产运往中国。     

Clonal Selection Based Memetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problems

A clonal selection based memetic algorithm is proposed for solving job shop scheduling problems in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, the clonal selection and the local search mechanism are designed to enhance exploration and exploitation. In the clonal selection mechanism, clonal selection, hypermutation and receptor edit theories are presented to construct an evolutionary searching mechanism which is used for exploration. In the local search mechanism, a simulated annealing local search algorithm based on Nowicki and Smutnicki＇s neighborhood is presented to exploit local optima. The proposed algorithm is examined using some well-known benchmark problems. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.