西双版纳人工林林窗光照剖线分布特征

以林窗北缘为中心,研究了西双版纳地区橡胶林林窗及周边Ｎ－Ｓ样带上光照水平梯度分布。结果表明：林窗的发生导致光照明显增加,从林内到林窗中央,光强呈明显增大趋势,上午雾末消退时,相对光照强度水平梯度变化曲线峰值出现于林窗中央,午后雾消退后,林窗边缘为相对光强梯度变化最甚的地段,峰值由林窗中央向林窗北缘移进。林窗边缘,林窗中央及林内光照强度日变化曲线均为不对称的单峰型,但峰值出现和振幅不同。在太阳高度角     

14C-菲在营养液-火山石-小麦有控系统中的迁移和转化

利用放射性同位素示踪技术研究了¹⁴C标记菲在有控系统中的迁移转化。结果表明,¹⁴C-菲在有控系统中降解较快,施入药品24d后仅有0.32%的¹⁴C-菲存留在植物、营养液和火山石中。植物吸收的¹⁴C放射性大部分被结合到植物组织中,其它¹⁴C主要以菲的极性代谢物形态存在。     

林隙（gap）更新动态研究进展

林隙（ｇａｐ）更新动态研究进展臧润国（中国林业科学研究院生态环境研究所,北京１０００９３）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｏｆＧａｐＲｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓ．ＺａｎｇＲｕｎｇｕｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒ...     

秦岭及陕北黄土辽东栎林群落物种移样性特性

应用５种物种多样性测度指标及４种物种－多度分布模型对秦岭和黄土区辽东栎林种子植物物种多样性及木本植物种－多度分布进行了对比研究,结果表明：秦岭辽东栎林无论是群落物种多性还是各层次的物种多样性均高于黄土区辽东栎林。秦岭辽东栎林木栖植物种－多度分布符合对数正态分布而黄土区辽东栎林则符合对数级数分布,分布区气候差异是造成两类辽东栎林物种多样性差异的主要原因。物种－多度分布分析物种多样性分析是一致的。     

An Arabidopsis embryonic lethal mutant with reduced expression of alanyl—t RNA synthetase gene

In present paper,one of the T-DNA insertional embryonic lethal mutant of Arabidopsis is identified and designated as acd mutant.The embryo developmant of this mutant is arrested in globular stage,The cell division pattern is abnormal during early embryogenesis and results in distubed cellular differentiation.Most of mutant embryos are finally degenerated and aborted in globular stage,However,a few of them still can germinate in agar palte and produce seedlings with shoter hypoctyl and distorted shoot meristem.To understand the molecular basis of the phenotype of this mutant,the joint fragment of T-DNA/plant DNA is isolated by plasmid rescue and Dig-labeled as probe for cDNA library screening.According to the sequence analysis and similarity searching,a 936 bp cDNA sequence(EMBL accession #:Y12555)from selectoed positive clone shows a 99.8%(923/925bp) sequence homolgy with Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase(AlaRS) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,the data of in situ hybridization experiment indicate that the expression of Ala RS gene is weak in early embryogenesis and declines along with globular embryodevelopment in this mutant Accordingly,the reduced expression of Ala RS gene may be closely related to the morphological changes in early embryogenesis of this lethal mutant.     

~(14)C-菲在营养液-火山石-小麦有控系统中的迁移和转化

利用放射性同位素示踪技术研究了１４Ｃ标记菲在有控系统中的迁移转化．结果表明,１４Ｃ菲在有控系统中降解较快,施入药品２４ｄ后仅有０．３２％的１４Ｃ－菲存留在植物、营养液和火山石中．植物吸收的１４Ｃ放射性大部分被结合到植物组织中,其它１４Ｃ主要以菲的极性代谢物形态存在．     

“城-郊-乡”森林生态样带植被变化梯度分析

沿纽约市“市区－郊区－农区”１４０ｋｍ森林生态样带,对９个样地１９个样方的森林植被进行了研究。植被组成和结构沿样带变化明显,分异出城区森林、郊区森林和农区森林等不同类型,优势种替代明显,植物种类也形成了不同的生态类型。植被的梯度变化与人类活动密切相关,城市化对植被有重要影响。森林生态样带是研究人类活动对植被影响的好手段。     

长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林林隙干扰状况的研究

 本文研究了长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林林隙干扰的基本规律,得到了描述林隙干扰状况的一些重要参数。结果表明扩展林隙在阔叶红松林中所占的面积比例是27.36％,而实际林隙所占的面积比例为13.05％,林隙干扰的频率每年约为0.15％;林隙的分布格局是均匀式的。形成林隙最重要的方式是掘根风倒,其次为干基折断;大多数的林隙都是由1～4株形成木形成的,林隙形成木主要是由红松、水曲柳、蒙古栎和紫椴组成;阔叶红松林的主林层乔木在直径为40～60cm和高度为25～30m时,形成林隙的可能性最大。     

Effects of forest gap size on litter recalcitrant components of two tree species in Pinus massoniana plantations

Aims The objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of recalcitrant components during foliar litter decomposition at different forest gap size in Pinus massoniana plantation in the low hilly land, Sichuan basin. Methods The experiment was set up by thinning P. massoniana plantation to establish seven different gap sizes (G1: 100 m², G2: 225 m², G3: 400 m², G4: 625 m², G5: 900 m², G6: 1225 m², G7: 1600 m²). The contents of four recalcitrant components (condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin, cellulose) in foliar litter of two native species (Cinnamomum camphora and Toona ciliata) placed in litterbags at different locations in the forest gaps were evaluated. The litterbags placed under closed canopy were used as the control. Litterbags with air-dried leaves of C. camphora and T. ciliata were placed at center, edge of the gap and under the closed canopy in November 2013, and collected in December 2013, February 2014, May 2014 and August of 2014 for lab analysis. Important findings The results showed that: 1) Forest gap size had significant effect on the content of condensed tannins, total phenol and lignin for T. ciliata in gap center. However, the forest gap size had no significant effect on the content of recalcitrant components in the litters of C. camphora and cellulose content of T. ciliata. With the increase of gap size, except for cellulose content, the other three recalcitrant components content in small and medium sized gaps (G1-G5) were significant lower than in large gaps (G6, G7). 2) The condensed tannis content of T. ciliata at the gap center were significant lower than at the gap edge. The lignin contents at gap center of G3 was significant reduced in the C. camphora litter. The condensed tannins, total phenol, and lignin contents of T. ciliata litter in small and medium gaps significantly decreased. 3) The contents of the four recalcitrant components in both species’ foliar litter changed with time. The contents of condensed tannins and cellulose decreased and the content of lignin increased significantly with time, however, the total phenol content increased initially, and then decreased. Therefore, small and medium sized gaps (100-900 m²) could be the optimal gap sizes to promote the degradation of litter recalcitrant components for two native species in P. massoniana plantations.     

茂兰喀斯特森林林隙幼苗出现的时空格局

通过4次对茂兰自然保护区喀斯特森林林隙内种子的天然萌发情况进行观测,分析了林隙内幼苗的萌发数量、存活率及幼苗出现的时空分布格局。结果发现：林隙中大多数萌发的幼苗存活率均较高,平均存活率达50%以上,林隙的形成,不但提高了喀斯特森林树种的萌发率,也提高了幼苗的存活率。林隙中心、近中心、林隙边缘各区域幼苗的密度存在显著的空间差异,山拐枣（Poliothyrsis sinensis）、多脉榆（Ulmus castaneifolia）等树种在林隙中心幼苗密度最大,圆果化香（Platycarya longipes）、翅荚香槐（Cladrastis platycarpa）、圆叶乌桕（Sapium rotundifolium）、掌叶木（Handeliodendron bodinieri）、黄连木（Pistacia chinen-sis）和云贵鹅耳枥（Carpinus pubescens）等树种在林隙近中心幼苗密度最大,而樟叶槭（Acercinnamomifolium）、球核荚蒾（Viburnumpropinquum）、小叶青冈（Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia）、轮叶木姜子（Litsea verticillata）等则在林隙边缘光照较弱的地方生长良好。幼苗出现的时间分布特征明显,整个观察期幼苗都持续萌发,但大多数树种幼苗出现在第2观测期（3月）,幼苗出现数目从第2次到后面的几次观察期显著下降。林隙3个区域幼苗出现不是同步的,林隙中心的幼苗出现最快,与其它两个部位相比,林隙边缘的幼苗出现有滞后现象。研究结果表明林隙中心的环境条件有利于种子萌发,但林隙近中心却更利于幼苗存活。