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Sylvain Huard ;Mingzhong Chen ;Kristen E Burdette ;Csaba Fenyvuesvolgyi ;Min Yu ;Robert T Elder ;Richard Y Zhao 《Cell research》2008,(9):961-973
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr induces cell death in mammalian and fssion yeast cells, suggesting that Vpr may affect a conserved cellular process. It is unclear, however, whether Vpr-induced yeast cell death mimics Vpr-mediated apoptosis in mammalian cells. We have recently identified a number of Vpr suppressors that not only suppress Vpr-induced cell death in fission yeast, but also block Vpr-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells. These findings suggest that Vpr-induced cell death in yeast may resemble some of the apoptotic processes of mammalian cells. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a fission yeast model system for future studies of apoptosis. Similar to Vpr-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells, we show here that Vpr in fission yeast promotes phosphatidylserine externalization and induces hyperpolarization of mitochondria, leading to changes of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, Vpr triggers production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating that the apoptotic-like cell death might be mediated by ROS. Interestingly, Vpr induces unique morphologic changes in mitochondria that may provide a simple marker for measuring the apoptotic-like process in fission yeast. To verify this possibility, we tested two Vpr suppressors (EF2 and Hspl6) that suppress Vpr-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells in addition to a newly identified Vpr suppressor (Skpl). All three proteins abolished cell death mediated by Vpr and restored normal mitochondrial morphology in the yeast cells. In conclusion, Vpr-induced cell death in fission yeast resembles the mammalian apoptotic process. Fission yeast may thus potentially be used as a simple model organism for the future study of the apoptotic-like process induced by Vpr and other proapoptotic agents. 相似文献
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《现代生物医学进展》2008,8(1):202-202
科学网2007年12月4日讯有机体的每种细胞都有其特定的尺寸和形态,这与它们发挥特定的功能有关。而一旦细胞不能保持固有形态,其功能就会受到损害,从而会给有机体带来一系列问题。近日,德国和荷兰科学家阐明了一个在细胞形态形成过程中发挥重要作用的分子机制。这一研究成果有助于深入理解细胞骨架和蛋白之间的关系。相关论文12月2日在线发表于《自然》(Nature)上。每种细胞都有独特的形态,这主要是由细胞骨架决定。细胞骨架主要由蛋白纤丝构成,其中特别重要的是微管(microtubule),这是一种动力 相似文献
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有机体之间化学相互作用的研究及其应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
有机体之间化学相互作用的研究及其应用宋启示(中国科学院昆明生态研究所,650223)ChemicalInteractionAmongOrganismsandTheirApplication¥SongQishi(KunmingInstituteofEcolo-gy,AcademiaSinica650223).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(1):45-48。Thispaperreviewsthemostactiveresearchfieldsonchemicalinteractionamongorganisms:(1)allelopa-thyamongplants,whichiswidelyappliedinagricultureandhorticulture,(2)biochemicalinteractionbe-tweenplantsandinsects,(3)biochemicalinteractionamonginsectsand(4)biochemicalinteractionamongmammalsandbetweenmammalsandplants.Inaddit 相似文献
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美国科学家已使得一种酶从一个有机体的DNA中精确地切下完整单一的基因。这种酶正好在基因的首端和尾端而不是在中间切割,从而为遗传工程学家们按照意愿杂交和重组基因提供了一个新的精密工具。他们的工怍还可能导致对于分隔有用基因的所谓“无用”(junk)DNA结构特点作出新的揭示。 相似文献
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从大量的单个有机体中快速分离DNA的这种能力大大地促进了对这些有机体的基因组的特性的鉴定。特别是应用DNA重组的技术,从含有克隆DNA片段的有机体中快速分离DNA的这种方法大大地促进了对这些克隆的鉴定。这里所叙述的方法是用于从细菌、酵母及组织培养细胞中分离DNA的方法。但是,这些方法是很通用的方法,可以用于从任何有机体中分离DNA。用这些方法得到的DNA制品虽然不是纯的DNA,但是对 相似文献
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Da Liu Zhanxiang Wang An Xiao Yutian Zhang Wenyuan Li Yao Zu Shaohua Yao Shuo Lin Bo Zhang 《遗传学报》2014,41(1):43-46
Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) system have been successfully used in cultured human cells as well as in most model organisms, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), mouse, and fruit fly (Chang et al., 2013; Cong et al., 2013; Gratz et al., 2013; Hwang et al., 2013; Jao et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013). Its application in zebrafish is particu- larly attractive due to the ease of handling this organism and the simple application of this method by direct injection of Cas9/ gRNA. However, the information about its specificity in this organism is very limited and needs further evaluation. In addition, it is conceivable that a Cas9 mRNA optimized for zebrafish codon preference could enhance its activity. 相似文献