Mitotic phosphorylation of PRC1 at Thr470 is required for PRC1 oligomerization and proper central spindle organization

During cell division, chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the interaction of spindle microtubules with thecentromere. A dramatic remodeling of interpolar microtubules into an organized central spindle between the separatingchromatids is required for the initiation and execution of cytokinesis. Central spindle organization requires mitotic kine-sins, the chromosomal passenger protein complex, and microtubule bundling protein PRC1. PRC1 is phosphorylated byCdc2 at Thr470 and Thr481 during mitosis. However, the functional relevance of PRC1 phosphorylation at Thr470 hasremained elusive. Here we show that expression of the non-phosphorylatable mutant PRC1~(T470A) but not the phospho-mimi-cking mutant PRC1~(T470E) causes aberrant organization of the central spindle. Immunoprecipitation experiment indicatesthat both PRC1~(T470A) and PRC1~(T470E) mutant proteins associate with wild-type PRC1, suggesting that phosphorylationof Thr470 does not alter PRC1 self-association. In addition, in vitro co-sedimentation experiment showed that PRC1binds to microtubule independent of the phosphorylation state of Thr470. Gel-filtration experiment suggested that phos-phorylation of Thr470 promotes oligomerization of PRC1. Given the fact that prevention of the Thr470 phosphorylationinhibits PRC1 oligomerization in vitro and causes an aberrant organization of central spindle in vivo, we propose thatthis phosphorylation-dependent PRC1 oligomerization ensures that central spindle assembly occurs at the appropriatetime in the cell cycle.     

废电池浸出液对蚕豆种子萌发和根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

以蚕豆种子为材料,采用水培方法研究废电池浸出液对蚕豆种子萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响。结果表明,不同浓度废电池浸出液对蚕豆根、芽的萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂都产生一定程度的抑制作用,并随着浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增大,同时微核率也快速上升。本试验表明,较高浓度的废电池浸出液是毒性很强的溶液,属重度污染液。     

关于遗传学中有丝分裂重组的理解

有丝分裂重组是遗传学的重要内容,但当前遗传学教学中对有丝分裂重组部分的课堂教学较少。从有丝分裂重组的发现、真菌系统中的有丝分裂重组、有丝分裂重组作图等几个方面较为详细的介绍了有丝分裂重组现象,希望为教师课堂教学提供参考,并有助于学生对基因重组内容的全面认识。     

Dynamic distribution of Ser-10 phosphorylated histone H3 in cytoplasm of MCF-7 and CHO cells during mitosis

The dynamic distribution of phosphorylated Histone H3 on Serl 0 (phospho-H3) in cells was investigated to determine its function during mitosis. Human breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7, and Chinese hamster cells CHO were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against phospho-H3. We found that the phosphorylation begins at early prophase, and spreads throughout the chromosomes at late prophase. At metaphase, most of the phospho-H3 aggregates at the end of the condensed entity of chromosomes at equatorial plate. During anaphase and telophase,the fluorescent signal of phospho-H3 is detached from chromosomes into cytoplasm. At early anaphase, phospho-H3 shows ladder bands between two sets of separated chromosome, and forms “sandwich-like structure” when the chromosomes condensed. With the cleavage progressing, the “ladders” of the histone contract into a bigger bright dot. Then the histone aggregates and some of compacted microtubules in the midbody region are composed into a “bar-like”complex to separate daughter cells. The daughter cells seal their plasma membrane along with the ends of the “bar”,inside which locates microtubules and modified histones, to finish the cytokinesis and keep the “bar complex” out of the cells. The specific distribution and kinetics of phospho-H3 in cytoplasm suggest that the modified histones may take part in the formation of midbody and play a crucial role in cytokinesis.     

白头翁的核型分析和有丝分裂的细胞学观察

对白头翁进行了核型分析发现,按Levan等(1964) 标准,核型公式为2n=16=10m+2sm+4st,为2A 核型按照(Stebbin)方法分为。白头翁染色体数目、核型和有丝分裂各时期的特征均为首次报道。     

广东栅蚤蝇染色体核型与有丝分裂观察

已有的蚤蝇染色体核型的报道均为2n=6,同型性染色体。本研究首次解剖广东栅蚤蝇Diplonevra peregrina(Wiedemann)三龄幼虫脑神经节和蛹期性腺,采用空气干燥法制备染色体标本,观察了染色体核型和有丝分裂行为。结果表明:广东栅蚤蝇二倍体细胞染色体数目2n=8,异型性染色体;有丝分裂中期可观察到明显的同源染色体联会现象。     

小鼠受精卵微注射Cdc25b mRNA可提高卵裂率并促进受精卵发育

为了观察Cdc25B蛋白及PKA/Cdc25B 信号途径在小鼠受精卵发育中的作用,将突变型和野生型Cdc25b转录成 mRNA,显微注射到小鼠受精卵中,放入含有或不含有dbcAMP的M16中,相差显微镜下观察受精卵卵裂情况;用蛋白激酶活性测定方法检测MPF的活性;利用Western 印迹检测Cdc2-Tyr15的磷酸化状态.结果显示,未加dbcAMP的Cdc25b- S321A mRNA注射组与Cdc25b-WT组相比,能够提前使受精卵发生G ₂/M期转变,导致卵裂,并明显提高卵裂率;MPF的活性测定和Cdc2-Tyr15磷酸化状态的检测结果也显示,Cdc25b-S321A组先于Cdc25b-WT组提前激活MPF.此外, Cdc25b-S321A mRNA注射组可以有效恢复由PKA引起的受精卵G ₂期阻滞,显著增加卵裂率;MPF的活性测定和Cdc2-Tyr15磷酸化状态的检测结果也显示,在PKA持续激活的情况下,对比于Cdc25b-WT组,Cdc25b-S321A组提前激活MPF.因此,在小鼠受精卵发育过程中PKA主要通过磷酸化Cdc25B的321位丝氨酸,从而调控MPF的激活与失活来控制有丝分裂进程.     

认识灾变

在人类生息的地球上,能直接影响人类安全的灾变,可以分为三类,自然灾变、生态灾变和社会灾变。任何一类灾变往往与另外两类灾变相关或并发。而三类灾变是立足于人类安全而提出的文化概念,为此,人类对灾变的理解中必然打上价值判断的烙印。     

极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞生长、代谢及细胞周期的影响

目的：研究一定参数的极低频磁场对人肝癌细胞（SK-HEP-1）在诸多方面的影响。方法：在整个SK-HEP-1细胞的培养周期中用50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场对其进行作用,并检测作用后细胞的增殖活性、生长动力学、代谢以及细胞周期的变化。结果：50Hz．20mT的极低频磁场对SK-HEP-1细胞的生长与代谢有抑制作用,并能阻碍其有丝分裂的进行。结论：50Hz,20mT的极低频磁场为治疗人类恶性肿瘤提供了一种可能的手段。     

木兰科含笑的细胞学研究

对含笑Michelia figo(Lour．)Spreng进行了细胞学研究。证实其染色体数目为2n=2x=38,最大与最小染色体长度比率为2．2,没发现st染色体和随体。首次观察和描述了其减数分裂行为。