干细胞研究进展消息

干细胞是人体及其各种组织细胞的最初来源,具有高度自我复制、高度增殖和多向分化的潜能。干细胞研究正在向现代生命科学和医学的各个领域交叉渗透,干细胞技术也从一种实验室概念逐渐转变成能够看得见的现实。干细胞研究已成为生命科学中的热点。介于此,本刊将就干细     

♀天生不同♂

网络上流传过这样一个笑话：一对夫妻，当丈夫因为喜欢的球队输掉比赛而郁闷时，他的沉默却令妻子辗转反侧一整夜，思前想后，不知婚姻哪里出了问题。虽然这是一个玩笑，却生动地反应出男女两性的不同。迟钝与敏感，粗心与细腻，沉默与喧闹……两性之间的思维、沟通、认知和反应究竟有哪些差别？又是什么原因造成了这些差别？     

Biological activities of purified harpin(Xoo) and harpin(Xoo) detection in transgenic plants using its polyclonal antibody

Many harpins have been found in plant pathogen bacteria that can elicit disease and insect resistance in plants, and promote plant growth. In this work, we overexpressed and purified Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin, harpinxoo, in Escherichia coli BL21/pGEX-hpa1. Harpinxoo was fused to the Cterminus of glutathione S-transferase （GST） and purified using the Bulk GST purification module and thrombin cleavage capture kit. Purified harpinxoo protein was sensitive to protease K and stable to heat treatment, and could not induce a hypersensitive response after treatment with various plant metabolic inhibitors; these characteristics were similar to harpinEa of Erwinia amylovora. The purified harpinxoo showed a similar ability to induce tobacco mosaic virus resistance in tobacco as harpinEa. Its antibody worked well in detecting the purified harpinxoo, harpinxoo in the total protein of E. coli BL21/pGEX-hpa1 and an hpal transgenic rice.     

A Lipidomic Study of the Effects of N-methyl-N＇-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on Sphingomyelin Metabolism

Systems biology is a new and rapidly developing research area in which, by quantitatively describing the interaction among all the individual components of a cell, a systems-level understanding of a biological response can be achieved. Therefore, it requires high-throughput measurement technologies for biological molecules, such as genomic and proteomic approaches for DNA/RNA and protein, respectively.Recently, a new concept, lipidomics, which utilizes the mass spectrometry （MS） method for lipid analysis,has been proposed. Using this lipidomic approach, the effects of N-methyl-N＇-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） on sphingomyelin metabolism, a major class of sphingolipids, were evaluated. Sphingomyelin molecules were extracted from cells and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS. It was found that MNNG induced profound changes in sphingomyelin metabolism, including the appearance of some new sphingomyelin species and the disappearance of some others, and the concentrations of several sphingomyelin species also changed. This was accompanied by the redistribution of acid sphingomyelinase （ASM）, a key player in sphingomyelin metabolism. On the other hand, imipramine, an inhibitor of ASM,caused the accumulation of sphingomyelin. It also prevented some of the effects of MNNG, as well as the redistribution of ASM. Taken together, these data suggested that the lipidomic approach is highly effective for the systematic analysis of cellular lipids metabolism.     

食物过敏婴儿和健康儿肠道菌群分析

目的检测食物过敏婴儿与健康婴儿的大便菌群,为食物过敏与肠道菌群关系的研究提供依据。方法以在重庆儿童医院体检的52例食物过敏婴儿和年龄、性别匹配的100例健康婴儿为研究对象,收集所有对象的新鲜粪便,采用直接快速涂片法分析肠道菌群。结果食物过敏婴儿革兰阳性杆菌比例降低,革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌比例增高[(71.43±8.70)%vs(78.91±9.25)%,(15.69±6.26)%vs(11.85±6.66)%,(11.67±4.02)%vs(7.60±4.27)%,P均<0.001]。不同喂养方式下,食物过敏婴儿的大便菌群比例显示不同的改变,但革兰阳性杆菌比例降低是其共同的特点(P均<0.05)。结论食物过敏婴儿肠道菌群与健康婴儿的肠道菌群差异存在显著性。不同喂养方式的婴儿显示不同的大便菌群组成。肠道正常菌群的改变可能在食物过敏的发生中起一定作用。     

人体给药方式筛选药物是提高R＆D效率的最后王牌？

在药品的研究开发过程中,“0期临床试验”手法备受有关人士关注。欧洲已经完全解禁,美国FDA也于2005年4月份公布了有关指导方针（Guideline）的草案,日本也在解禁方面有了一些行动。[编者按]     

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Huwentoxin-XI from the Chinese Bird Spider Ornithoctonus huwena： ^15N Labeling and Sequence-specific ^1H, ^15N Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Assignments

Huwentoxin-XI purified from the Chinese bird spider Ornithoctonus huwena is a toxin with both antiprotease activity and potassium channel blocking activity. To determine its solution structure, huwentoxin-XI was expressed in a yeast eukaryotic expression system and studied by NMR. The ^15N labeling strategy was used to facilitate the process of resonance assignments. The nearly complete sequence-specific assignments of proton and nitrogen resonances were obtained by analyzing a series of two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） spectra, including DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ^15N-^1H HSQC, ^15N-^1H HNHA, ^15N-^1H HNHB, ^15N-^1H TOCSY-HSQC and ^15N-^1H NOESY-HSQC spectra. Secondary structure analysis of huwentoxin-XI showed that it mainly contains an N-terminal 310-helix from Thr3 to Arg5 and a C-terminal α-helix from Gln45 to Cys52, plus a triple-stranded antiparallel β-sheet of Glu18-Asn23, Thr26-Ile31 and Asn40-Lys41. These studies provide a solid basis for the final structure determination of huwentoxin-XI.     

如何做研究生

一个人是否成功主要看他是否找到了最适合自己的人生之路,以一种自己满意的生活方式为社会做出了最大的贡献。因此,幸福的标准是指你所获得的社会认可略高于你的常规能力,为此你既要不断付出努力,但目标又不是遥不可及。要想进入这种境界,除了要努力学习和抓住机遇以外,还有其他一些可以遵循的法则。研究生是本科之后一个更高水平上的学习,旨在培养具有独立思考能力的专业人才。无可否认,每一个考     

不同除草方式对浙西南柑橘园杂草群落及其多样性的影响

于2005年6月—2008年5月在浙江衢州市柑橘主产区,运用群落生态学方法研究了化学除草、人工除草和化学除草+人工除草3种方式对果园杂草群落及其多样性的影响.结果表明:化学除草试验区杂草为17科46种,人工除草试验区杂草为20科59种,化学除草+人工除草试验区杂草为18科51种,对照区杂草为25科75种.化学除草处理的杂草物种丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数最低,人工除草处理最高,表明化学除草对果园杂草多样性的影响最大.在浙西南柑橘园既要防除杂草,又要维持果园杂草的多样性,建议采取化学除草+人工除草的方式.     

牛肾组织及其培养物的不同消化法效果评价

为了比较不同消化液及消化方式对牛肾皮质组织和培养后形成单层细胞的消化分散效果并确定最适消化液和消化方式,分别用0.25%胰蛋白酶和0.25%胰蛋白酶-0.02%EDTA两种消化液,消化牛肾皮质组织及其培养形成的单层牛肾皮质细胞。牛肾皮质组织采用热(37℃)和冷(4℃)两种消化方式;经培养形成单层的牛肾皮质细胞采用室温(25℃)消化。结果显示,用0.25%胰蛋白酶-0.02%EDTA消化液热消化牛肾组织时,分散获得牛肾皮质细胞的活细胞数、存活率、贴壁率均优于其他消化方法,差异显著(P0.05)。培养形成的单层牛肾皮质细胞用0.25%胰蛋白酶-0.02%EDTA消化液的消化速度明显快于用单一0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液的消化速度,统计学分析显示具有显著性差异(P0.01),两种消化液消化所得细胞的存活率及贴壁率前者要更高,差异显著(P0.05)。