临床护理教学中教师角色的转变和作用

护理学是一门实践性较强的专业,临床护理教学是护理教学的最后阶段,是理论付诸于实践的最重要环节,也是使护生学会将获得的专业技能运用于临床实践,并进一步发展应用的重要途径。随着护理学科的不断发展和当代护理教育改革的逐步推进,我国护理教育理念和教学方式也随之发生了变化,因此在临床护理教学过程中,教师的角色也需要     

番茄种子及其萌发期化感作用分析

采用种子发芽生物测试法,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数为指标,对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)种子及其萌发期对大白菜[Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis(Lour.)G.Olsson]、萝卜(Raphanus sativus Linn.)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus Linn.)和番茄种子萌发的化感效应进行测定,并采用化感效应指数(RI)和化感综合效应(SE)对化感作用进行评价.结果表明:用30 mg·mL-1番茄种子浸提液培养大白菜、萝卜和黄瓜种子,各项发芽指标均低于对照;番茄种子萌发可导致套种的大白菜、萝卜和黄瓜种子的各项发芽指标降低;番茄幼苗分泌物对大白菜、萝卜和黄瓜种子的萌发也均有抑制作用;在4个发芽指标中,对种子活力指数的抑制效应最大.与对照相比,0.5和1.0g番茄幼苗模拟腐解物对大白菜、萝卜和黄瓜种子的发芽率有一定的促进作用,但均导致种子发芽指数和活力指数的降低;而1.5g番茄幼苗模拟腐解物对3种蔬菜种子各项发芽指标的抑制作用最大;随模拟腐解物质量的增加,番茄种子的发芽指标值也逐渐降低.8、16和24 mg·mL-1番茄幼苗浸提液对大白菜、萝卜、黄瓜和番茄种子的萌发有明显抑制作用,随浸提液浓度提高,受试蔬菜种子的各项发芽指标均逐渐降低.总体上看,在番茄种子萌发过程中对受试蔬菜种子萌发的RI值多数为负值、SE值均为负值.研究结果证实:番茄种子含有化感物质,在其萌发过程中分泌与释放化感物质并抑制胚根生长,且除抑制其他植物种子的萌发外还具有自毒作用.     

酵母菌的微生态调节作用

酵母菌能够产生大量的B族维生素和氨基酸,既可以帮助消化,促进营养物质的吸收,刺激有益菌的生长,又可为动物提供蛋白质.酵母菌直接参与生物屏障的构成,发挥对致病菌和条件致病菌的拮抗作用,促进优势种群生长,调整微生态平衡.     

牛膝多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的活化作用

为研究牛膝多糖(ABPS)对巨噬细胞的活化作用,以不同浓度的ABPS体外刺激小鼠腹腔来源巨噬细胞,采用ELISA技术检测TNF-α、IL-12的分泌,采用Real-Time PCR检测TLR 2/4 mRNA的表达。结果显示,浓度为100、200μg/mL的ABPS对巨噬细胞TNF-α分泌均有显著的促进作用;浓度为200μg/mL的ABPS对巨噬细胞IL-12分泌有明显的促进作用。浓度为100、200μg/mL的ABPS能明显上调巨噬细胞TLR 4 mRNA的表达。这表明,ABPS能激活巨噬细胞。     

Formaldehyde induces toxic effects and regulates the expression of damage response genes in BM-MSCs

In this study, we assessed the toxic effects of formaldehyde （FA） on mouse bone marrow mesenchymai stem cells （BM- MSCs）. Cytotoxicity was measured by using MTT assay. DNA strand breakage was detected by standard alkaline comet assay and comet assay modified with proteinase K （PK）. DNA-protein crosslinks （DPCs） were detected by KCI-SDS precipitation assay. We found that FA at a con- centration from 75 to 200 μM inhibited cell survival and induced DPCs over 125 μM. The PK-modified comet assay showed that FA-induced DNA strand breakage was increased in a dose-dependent manner from 75 to 200 μM. On the other hand, standard alkaline comet assay showed that DNA strand breakage was decreased with FA concen- tration over 125 μM. We confirmed by using Pearson cor- relation that there was a negative linear correlation between DPCs and survival rate （r = -0.987, P 〈 0.01） and positive linear relationships between DPCs and （i） sister chromatid exchange and （ii） micronucleus （r = 0.995, P〈 0.01; r = 0.968, P〈 0.01）. DNA damage RTz profiler polymerase chain reaction array was used to investigate the changes in the expression of damage response genes. Xpa and Xpc of the nucleotide excision repair pathway and Brca2, Rad51, and Xrcc2 of the homologous recombination pathway were all up-regulated in both 75 and 125 μM FA. However, the same genes were down-regulated with 175 μM FA. The expressions of Chekl and Husl, which are involved in cell cycle regulation, were altered in the same manner with 75, 125, and 175 μM FA. These results indicated that Xpa, Xpc, Brca2, Rad51, Xrcc2, Chekl, and Husl were essential for the BM-MSCs to counteract the effects of FA.     

菠萝洁粉蚧天敌调查及香港角毛瓢虫的捕食作用研究

调查发现我国雷州半岛菠萝洁粉蚧Dysmicoccus brevipes的天敌有4科8种,其中香港角毛瓢虫Horniolus hisamatsui Miyatake、丽草蛉Chrysopa formosa Brauer及一种瘿蚊Aphidoletes sp是优势天敌。香港角毛瓢虫Hhisamatsui、细毛小瓢虫Scymnus (Pullus) syoitii Sasaji为广东新记录种。香港角毛瓢虫Hhisamatsui捕食菠萝洁粉蚧的量随猎物密度的增大而增加,且随着龄次的增加而增加,但当猎物密度达到一定程度后,其增长率就随猎物密度的增大逐渐减缓,即捕食量与猎物密度为逆密度制约关系,呈负加速曲线,以Holling(1959）圆盘方程进行模拟的结果是属于Holling-Ⅱ型。香港角毛瓢虫1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫和成虫对菠萝洁粉蚧2 龄若虫的理论最大捕食量分别为1153头/天、2611头/天、6173头/天、7042头/天、7407头/天。     

PEG10基因在肝癌中的表达及研究意义

PEG10基因是由反转座子衍生而来的遗传印记基因,研究表明,PEG10是肝细胞癌(HCC)发生的重要促进作用之一,在绝大多数肝癌中特异性高表达,具有作为更有效的肝癌诊断标志物和基因治疗新靶点的潜力。本文概述PEG10基因与肝癌发生、发展和转移的关系及其作用与肝癌的机制,并对其前景进行展望,以期为肝癌的标志物诊断和基因靶向治疗的研究提供理论参考依据。     

Oxidative-damage effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on mouse hepatic and brain cells in vivo

To assess the biological safety of Fe3O4 nanoparticles （NPs）, the oxidative-damage effect of these NPs was studied. Twenty-five Kunming mice were exposed to Fe3O4 NPs by intraperitoneai injection daily for 1 week at doses of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg.kg1. Five Kunming mice were also injected with 40 mg.kg 1 ordinary Fe3O4 particles under the same physiological conditions. Biomarkers of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, glutathione （GSH）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic and brain tissues were detected. Results showed that no significant difference in oxidative damage existed at concentrations lower than 10 mg.kg i for NPs compared with the control group. Fe3O4 NP concentration had obvious dose-effect relationships （P〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01） with ROS level, GSH content, and MDA content in mouse hepatic and brain tissues at〉20 mg.kg 1 concentrations. To some extent, ordinary Fe3O4 particles with 40mg.kg -1 concentration also affected hepatic and brain tissues in mice. The biological effect was similar to Fe3O4 NPs at 10 mg. kg-1 concentration. Thus, Fe3O4 NPs had significant damage effects on the antioxidant defense system in the hepatic and brain tissues of mice, whereas ordinary Fe3O4 had less influence than Fe3O4 NPs at the same concentration.     

一株寒地高效解无机磷细菌的分离鉴定及拮抗作用

【目的】从北方寒地种植的不同农作物根际土壤中分离高效解磷的细菌,为微生物制剂和磷肥的开发提供适于本地区的优良菌种。【方法】通过初筛和复筛从26株解磷菌中筛选获得一株高效解磷细菌,对其进行生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,同时采用钼蓝比色法测定解磷能力。采用平板对峙法测定拮抗植物病原菌能力。【结果】通过筛选后获得的菌株B51-7经鉴定为伯克霍尔德菌属。菌株在发酵液中可溶性磷含量最高达到832.74 mg/L,同时具有很强的广谱抑菌作用,抑菌率最高为89.71%,可以显著促进水稻生长。【结论】菌株B51-7是一株具有生物防治作用的高效解磷细菌,可应用于生物菌肥和生防制剂中。     

组胺在肥胖人群糖尿病发病中的作用

肥胖是糖尿病患病的高危因素,肥胖人群罹患糖尿病的比例大大增加,本研究选取体重正常、单纯肥胖、Ⅱ型糖尿病肥胖人群,通过比较其血糖、血脂、胰岛素、血浆组胺等水平,观察肥胖在糖尿病发病中的作用,探讨组胺等因素的致病机理。研究结果显示,Ⅱ型糖尿病肥胖组机体体内血糖、血脂、胰岛素、组胺水平都高于其他组,血脂升高会导致胰岛素抵抗、血浆组胺可能通过诱导炎症、应激等反应加重糖尿病症状。