植物角质层蜡质合成与调控的分子生物学研究进展

角质层覆盖于陆生植物的地上部分。沉积于其表面的外角质层蜡质组成了植物与外部环境之间的屏障。蜡质的合成是由大量酶类协同作用的结果,又是一个积极可调控的过程。综述了近年来角质层蜡质合成与调控的分子生物学研究进展,包括突变体筛选、基因克隆和鉴定,以及功能基因组学研究等三方面,并对植物蜡质代谢基因克隆鉴定中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

北京地区两株人偏肺病毒M蛋白基因的原核表达及抗原活性分析

人偏肺病毒(Human metapneumovirus,hMPV)是最近发现的可引起人类呼吸道感染的一种副粘病毒,现被归类于偏肺病毒属(Metapneumovirus),是至今发现的第一个与人类疾病相关的偏肺病毒属成员[1]。目前已经受到世界范围的重视,已有十多个国家报道了不同年龄组人群中hMPV的感染情况。     

降钙素基因相关肽对LPS诱导肺泡巨噬细胞分泌MMP-9的影响

目的：探讨降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）对经脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）的影响及其机制。方法：对经LPS诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞给予不同浓度的CGRP干预,并同时设置对照,分别收集上清液,采用明胶酶谱法测定LPS、CGRP或二者联合干预后大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞分泌MMP-9的变化。结果：①正常肺泡巨噬细胞仅分泌少量MMP-9,各浓度CGRP对其分泌无影响,但经LPS诱导后MMP-9的分泌均明显升高（P〈0．01）;②不同浓度的CGRP干预呈剂量依赖方式降低LPS诱导的肺泡巨噬细胞MMP-9的分泌（P〈0.01）。③CGRP下调LPS诱导的肺泡巨噬细胞MMP-9分泌的作用可为蛋白激酶C阻断剂H-7及钙调蛋白阻断剂W-7部分逆转（P〈0.05）。结论：CGRP可明显下调LPS诱导的大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞MMP-9活性,其机制与蛋白激酶C及钙调蛋白信号途径有关。     

新城疫分离毒HN基因的分子特性和片段同源相关性

选取国内1997-2005年分离的新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)24株,经蚀斑纯化克隆其血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)基因,与在GenBank发表的36株国内外不同时期的NDV毒株,进行氨基酸遗传变异分析,并利用SPSS8.0软件对其不同片段的氨基酸进行同源相关比较。结果显示:国内所有NDV分离毒株氨基酸高度同源,同源性为94.4%-99.4%;与LaSota、Clone30疫苗株等的氨基酸同源性为86.9%-89%;与强毒株F48E9的氨基酸同源性为87.9%-89.9%;与国外NDV的氨基酸同源性为87.2%-96.2%。系统发育分析表明:国内NDV分离毒HN遗传距离较近,而与LaSota、Clone30和F48E9遗传距离较远。国内NDV分离毒均缺乏538-540位糖基化位点。不同片段与全长的氨基酸同源性高度相关,且与前80个氨基酸相关最密切。     

流感/禽流感病毒致病性研究进展

流感病毒是引起流行性感冒的病原体,它属正粘病毒科(Orthomyxoviridae),是具有包膜和分节段的单链负RNA病毒.甲、乙型流感病毒基因组均含8个节段,而丙型流感病毒仅含7个节段.根据流感病毒核蛋白(NP)和基质蛋白(MP)抗原特性及其基因特征的不同,流感病毒分为甲(A)、乙(B)、丙(C)三型.     

Deficiency of DNA fragmentation factor 45 results in reduced oocyte apoptosis in response to doxorubicin

Dear Editor： Apoptosis plays a prominent role in ovarian development and function. During follicle development, the vast majority of follicles undergo atresia as a consequence of apoptosis of constituent oocyte or follicular cells, or both, failing to complete the maturation process. Atresia occurs at all stages of follicular development during the growth and development of follicles.[第一段]     

Hormones and cancer

Estrogen exhibits a broad spectrum of physiologicalfunctions ranging from regulation of the menstrual cycleand reproduction to the modulation of bone density,brainfunction,and cholesterol mobilization.However,estrogenis also associated with pathological complications par-ticularly with the onset of gynaecological malignanciesincluding breast cancer and endometrial cancer;estrogenis now considered to be a classical etiological factor forbreast cancer and endometrial cancer.In the early 1970s,it was reported that there was a 20-35% increase in incidence of endometrial cancer in WesternCaucasian women who had undergone estrogen therapy[1].Subsequently,a variety of clinical and epidemiologi-cal investigations,with support from studies in cell cultureand animal models,have demonstrated the association ofestrogen with the development and/or progression of thedisease.In 2002,the US National Toxicology Programlisted steroidal estrogens as carcinogens for the first time.The report cites data from human epidemiologic studies thatshow an association between estrogen replacement therapyand an increase in the risk of endometrial cancer,as well asa less consistent increase in the risk of breast cancer.     

瘦素、趋化因子受体-3和钙结合蛋白-A12基因在热痹中的表达

目的 运用基因表达谱芯片技术分析痹病寒热证型的基因表达差异,探索炎性反应相关基因在痹病分型中的表达情况。方法 选取4例寒痹患者（C组）与3例热痹患者（H组）的滑膜组织标本,制备标记探针,采用美国Affymetrix公司提供的GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus2．0芯片进行杂交与扫描程序。结果 筛选出P〈0．05且H／C差异表达变化超过2倍的差异表达基因,鉴别出3条炎性反应相关基因,即瘦素（leptin,LEP）、趋化因子（C—C基序）受体-3[chemokine（C—Cmotif）receptor3]和钙结合蛋白-A12（S100 calcium binding protein A12）基因,它们均在H组中高表达。结论 LEP、CCR3、S100A12基因与热痹存在高度关联,其编码产物可能是热痹的活性分子标志物。     

HDACs, histone deacetylation and gene transcription： from molecular biology to cancer therapeutics

Histone deacetylases （HDACs） and histone acetyl transferases （HATs） are two counteracting enzyme families whose enzymatic activity controls the acetylation state of protein lysine residues, notably those contained in the N-terminal extensions of the core histones. Acetylation of histones affects gene expression through its influence on chromatin conformation. In addition, several non-histone proteins are regulated in their stability or biological function by the acetylation state of specific lysine residues. HDACs intervene in a multitude of biological processes and are part of a multiprotein family in which each member has its specialized functions. In addition, HDAC activity is tightly controlled through targeted recruitment, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Control of cell cycle progression, cell survival and differentiation are among the most important roles of these enzymes. Since these processes are affected by malignant transformation, HDAC inhibitors were developed as antineoplastic drugs and are showing encouraging efficacy in cancer patients.     

抗凋亡基因与消化系统恶性肿瘤的研究进展

细胞凋亡是机体在基因调控下主动清除多余细胞或缺陷细胞的正常生理现象,又称基因调控下细胞的程序性死亡。细胞凋亡异常在肿瘤发生发展过程中有重要的病理生理意义。自从凋亡理论提出以来,对肿瘤的发生发展有了新的认识。目前,肿瘤发病的观念已经从细胞生长过渡扩展到细胞凋亡障碍,已经发现了许多与细胞凋亡有关的蛋白和基因,其中抑制细胞凋亡的基因和蛋白与肿瘤的发生发展有着密切的关系,现就其与消化系统恶性肿瘤的关系研究新进展作一综述。1抗凋亡基因BAG-1与肿瘤1·1 BAG-1基因结构及其蛋白的功能BAG-1基因是Takayama等[1]于1995年…