重组人血小板生成素早期干预救治重症急性放射病猴的实验研究

重组人血小板生成素（rhTPO）是一种能促进巨核系祖细胞增殖、分化生成血小板的造血因子,研究表明它能促进射线照射小鼠造血功能恢复,前期工作证明rhTPO早期干预可显著提高致死剂量照射小鼠的活存率.本文以7.0Gy照射恒河猴为重度骨髓型急性放射病（ARS）模型,研究了rhTPO早期干预对重症ARS的治疗作用,并与WR2721和＂500＂的辐射防护作用进行了比较,结果发现rhTPO早期干预可明显促进ARS猴造血功能恢复,改善ARS猴症状,简化对症治疗措施,提高重度骨髓型ARS猴活存率,其对重度骨髓型ARS的防治作用优于现有的辐射防护药WR2721和＂500＂,有望开发成安全有效的新型辐射防治药物.     

Effects of shark hepatic stimulator substance on the function and antioxidant capacity of liver mitochondria in an animal model of acute liver injury

This study was carried out to investigate whether shark hepatic stimulator substance （HSS） can prevent acute liver injury and affect mitochondrial function and antioxidant defenses in a rat model of thioacetamide （TAA）-induced liver injury. The acute liver injury was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of TAA （400 mg/kg） in a 24 h interval. In the TAA plus shark HSS group, rats were treated with shark HSS （80 mg/kg） 1 h prior to each TAA injection. In this group, serum liver enzyme activities were significantly lower than those in the TAA group. The mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was improved, and the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities were increased in the TAA plus shark HSS group. The mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione level were higher in the TAA plus shark HSS group than in the TAA group. These results suggest that the protective effect of shark HSS against TAA-induced acute liver injury may be a result of the restoration of the mitochondrial respiratory function and antioxidant defenses and decreased oxygen stress.     

Sequence analysis and structural prediction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp5

The non-structural proteins (nsp or replicase proteins) of coronaviruses are relatively conserved and can be effective targets for drugs. Few studies have been conducted into the function of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp5. In this study, bioinformatics methods were employed to predict the secondary structure and construct 3-D models of the SARS-CoV GD strain nsp5. Sequencing and sequential comparison was performed to analyze the mutation trend of the polymerase nsp5 gene during the epidemic process using a nucleotide-nucleotide basic local alignment search tool (BLASTN) and a protein-protein basic local alignment search tool (BLASTP). The results indicated that the nsp5 gene was steady during the epidemic process and the protein was homologous with other coronavirus nsp5 proteins. The protein encoded by the nsp5 gene was expressed in COS-7 cells and analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This study provided the foundation for further exploration of the protein‘s biological function, and contributed to the search for anti-SARS-CoV drugs.     

人体的“120”——人中穴

人中穴又称水沟穴,位于鼻子下面的鼻唇沟正中及上1／3与中1／3的交界处,为中医“醒脑开窍”的重要穴位。针刺或用指甲刺激该穴位。可治疗中暑、中风、昏迷、晕厥、一氧化碳中毒以及全身麻醉过程中出现的呼吸停止、低血压、急性腰扭伤疼痛等急性病症。     

药物不良反应造成急性肾损害的临床分析

目的：研究药物不良反应（ADR）所致急性肾损伤的相关因素并探讨其诊疗思路。,方法：对56例ADR造成急性肾损害的病例进行归类统计和分析评价。结果：56例病例中,男性略多于女性,男女之比为1．24：1,平均年龄53．1岁;抗生素发生率居首位,其次为中成药;途径以静脉注射为主。结论：合理用药,早期干预治疗,预防药源性急性肾损害的发生。     

急性心肌梗塞救治的护理体会

急性心肌梗塞是冠心病的严重类型,是在冠状动脉病变的基础上发生冠状动脉血供急剧减少或中断,以致相应心肌发生持久而严重的心肌缺血,引起部分心肌缺血性坏死。临床上常表现为严重而持久的胸部闷痛（部分病人无疼痛）,常并发心衰、休克与心律失常,是心脏猝死的主要原因。近年来,我国发病率有增加的趋势。急性心肌梗塞急性期病死率高,严重危害病人的生命。因此,观察病情,做出早期诊断、积极抢救、有效护理是救治成功的关键。现将我院2003年2月至2005年12月收治的急性心肌梗塞患者48例护理体会介绍如下。     

应用IABP 治疗急性心梗伴心源性休克的观察与护理

主动脉球囊反搏（IABP）是临床上一项极为有效的血流动力学支持手段,它是将一定容积的球囊放置于主动脉部位,球囊导管与体外压力泵相连,内部填充氦气,由体表心电图进行自动程序控制,使球囊充盈与排空限定在特定的时限。球囊充气发生在舒张压早期主动脉瓣刚刚关闭时,使主动脉内舒张压增高,提高冠状动脉的灌注,改善心肌供血。球囊排空发生在舒张压末期,主动脉瓣开放前的瞬间,降低左室射血阻抗,减低心脏的氧耗,使左室的每搏排血量和射血分数增高。但由于其术后并发症发生率为15％,其中11％为严重并发症,如栓塞、肢体缺血、全身感染等,加之术后长时间卧床制动易出现体位不适而致焦躁不安使IABP不能有效工作,因此细致全面的护理措施,能帮助病人减少并发症,顺利渡过置管期,尤其对急性心梗伴心源性休克的病人,可显著降低死亡率,同时提高抢救成功率。     

脂氧素A_4对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的观察脂氧素A4(LXA4)对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用并初步探讨其机制。方法采用D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)+脂多糖(LPS)建立大鼠急性肝衰竭动物模型。30只大鼠随机分为四组:正常组、模型组、脂氧素组、四氢化吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)组。肝组织病理切片观察肝组织损伤情况;自动生化仪检测肝功能;ELISA法检测血清TNF-α及IL-6水平;免疫组化法检测肝组织核因子κB(NF-κB)表达。结果大鼠急性肝衰竭时,肝组织炎症坏死明显,肝脏转氨酶明显升高,血清IL-6及TNF-α水平显著升高,肝组织NF-κB表达明显增强;脂氧素组及PDTC组组织学改变均明显好转,肝脏转氨酶、细胞因子及NF-κB表达明显下降(与模型组比较,P0.01,);脂氧素组及PDTC组比较,上述指标之间P0.01。结论 LXA4对大鼠急性肝衰竭有明显的保护作用,这种保护作用部分是通过阻断肝组织NF-κB活化,减少促炎细胞因子的释放来实现的。     

抑制GSK-3β活性促进NF-κB诱导的儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞凋亡

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)是维持急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)细胞生存的关键因子.近年来发现,糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)可以正性调控NF-κB的活性.本研究通过抑制GSK-3β活性初步探讨ALL细胞中GSK-3β在NF-κB诱导细胞凋亡中的作用机制.收集ALL患儿骨髓单个核细胞,采用免疫荧光细胞化学方法检测到ALL细胞核内GSK-3β有明显聚集.体外培养ALL细胞后经GSK-3β抑制剂氯化锂(LiCl)和SB216763处理,采用Western印迹和EMSA检测发现,ALL细胞核内GSK-3β表达下降,而NF-κBP65蛋白无明显变化,但是其活性明显降低.同时RT-PCR结果显示,NF-κB下游抗凋亡基因存活素(survivin)的表达随之下降,AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD双染流式细胞仪检测结果证实,ALL细胞凋亡明显增加(P0.01).该结果表明,抑制GSK-3β活性可以下调NF-κB的转录活性,并通过下调抗凋亡基因存活素的表达而促进ALL细胞的凋亡.     

辽宁省急性心肌梗死三级救治体系建设初探

急性心肌梗死是目前威胁我国居民身体健康的主要疾病。针对急性心肌梗死 救治的薄弱环节,辽宁省推出了覆盖全省城乡的心肌梗死急救体系建设项目,对其计划方案、主要内容、实施方法以及功能意义等进行初步探讨。