中国甘肃东北部地区东方蜜蜂（Apiscerana）形态学研究

本研究采集甘肃东北部地区泾川蜂场、庄浪蜂场和平凉蜂场的东方蜜蜂Apis cerana43群,采样点地貌包括山地、丘陵和平原。运用蜜蜂形态学研究方法对东方蜜蜂40个形态特征指标进行测量分析。运用SPSS13．0对蜜蜂形态数据进行方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及环境因子相关性分析。研究结果表明：甘肃东北部地区不同采样点东方蜜蜂形态特征指标存在显著差异,而且与环境因素显著相关。     

美西螈胚胎鳃神经发育的形态学

在约25℃温度下孵化并选用第30～44期的美西螈(Ambystoma mexicanum)胚胎标本,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,进行整体标本免疫染色,体视显微镜观察.结果显示,胚胎30期,可观察到鳃神经节短小的鳃神经本干;胚胎35期,已能观察到较明显的部分分支和交通支;胚胎37期,形成上颌神经及下颌神经;胚胎38期,可观察到舌咽神经的背支、咽头支;胚胎40期,可观察到舌咽神经的鳃裂前支.因而,美西螈鳃神经在胚胎早期遵循祖先型排列的特点,之后随胚胎的发育,出现随鳃器官演化而重新分布的趋势;其舌咽神经基本保持了鳃神经的原始形态特点.     

柳属的分支系统学分析

基于61个广义的形态学性状,以杨属为外类群对柳属进行了分支系统学分析.经简约性分析,得到了21个同等简约的分支树,其严格一致树支持柳属为一个自然的分类群,但不支持将钻天柳属和心叶柳属从柳属中划分出去独立成属,也不支持对柳属进行属级水平上的细分,后两个结果得到孢粉学和分子系统学研究的支持.柳亚属为一个单系分支,皱纹柳亚属和黄花柳亚属也形成了一个单系分支.根据本研究的结果,建议将柳属划分为钻天柳亚属、柳亚属及黄花柳亚属3个亚属.由于较低的靴带支持率,其系统发育关系难于探讨.鉴于分支分析的一致性指数、保持性指数、各分支内部的支持率均不高,柳属的属下分类系统的划分有待进一步的研究.     

色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的形态学及毒性比较研究

目的研究色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的形态学差异。方法比较蛇外形、鳞片、毒腺、排毒量、毒性等情况。结果色变银环蛇与正常银环蛇的鳞片数目无异,但其毒腺大小、排毒量、毒性均有明显差异。结论可能由于蛇的生存环境发生了改变,故而出现了银环蛇的形态改变。     

胚胎干细胞源性表皮干细胞在肾被囊微环境中分化潜能的研究

目的 探讨胚胎干细胞源性表皮干细胞在肾被囊微环境中的分化情况,为研究其在不同微环境中的分化潜能和稳定性及寻找新的皮肤工程种子细胞奠定基础。方法129小鼠E14胚胎干细胞与人羊膜共培养4d,定向诱导其分化为呈β1整合素、CK15和CK19阳性的表皮样干细胞克隆,无菌手术下移植入129小鼠双侧肾被囊内,术后4周、6周和8周取材。对移植后细胞的分化情况进行形态学和CEA和CK18免疫组织化学观察。结果小鼠胚胎干细胞源性表皮干细胞在129小鼠肾被囊内4周,分化为由单层或复层上皮样细胞构成的管状和泡状结构,种植6周和8周,除上述结构外,可见角化复层扁平上皮、汗腺样、皮脂腺样及毛囊样等结构。免疫组化结果汗腺样结构呈CEA和CK18阳性。结论研究结果表明小鼠胚胎干细胞源性表皮干细胞在肾被囊微环境下,可具有分化为角化复层上皮、汗腺样、皮脂腺样及毛囊样结构的潜能。     

Pollen Morphology of Eight Genera of the Subtribe Mutisiinae Less. sensu Bremer （Compositae） from Asia

The pollen morphology of 28 species and one variety representing eight genera of the subtribe Mutisiinae Less. sensu Bremer （Compositae） was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy. The pollen grains are usually radically symmetrical, isopolar, and tricolporate. The shape varies from spheroidal to subprolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in polar view. Based on exine sculpturing observed under SEM, the pollen grains can be divided into three types： （i） type Ⅰ, with macrogranulate sculpture; （ii） type Ⅱ, with a finely granulate sculpture; and （iii） type Ⅲ with spiny sculpture. The palynological data showed that the Macroclinidium Maxim. was remarkably distinguished from those of the other seven genera. The variation of pollen characteristics within the Mutisiinae in Asia is little at species level, but it proves some useful information for studying the relationships among genera and it has an important significance in further understanding the evolutionary history of Mutisiinae.     

Ectopic Expression of the Pttknl Gene Induces Alterations in the Morphology of the Leaves and Flowers in Petunia hybrida Vilm.

A novel knottedl-like homeobox （knox） gene, Pttknl （Populus tremulaxtremuloides knottedl）, isolated from the cambial region of hybrid aspen, was introduced into Petunia hybrida Vilm. using the leafdisc method mediated by Agrobacterium. A series of novel phenotypes was observed in transgenic petunia plants, including the formation of ectopic spikes on the adaxial surface of corollas and small petals on the abaxial surface of corollas, fusion of floral organs, shortening of corolla midribs, the formation of tumor-like knots along the midrib on the abaxial surface and serrated lobs of corolla margins, and alterations in petal color; except for changes in the leaves and plant architecture, RT-PCR showed that the Pttknl gene was expressed in the leaves of different petunia transgenic plants, whereas no signal was detected in wild-type plants. The possible function of Pttknl in leaf and flower development is discussed.     

Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Leaf Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content in Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton

Genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis at the molecular level. A simple sequence repeat （SSR） genetic map containing 590 markers and a BCI population from two cultivated tetraploid cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars, namely TM-1 and Hai 7124 （G. barbadense L.）, were used to map and analyze QTL using the composite interval mapping （CIM） method. Thirty one QTLs, 10 for lobe length, 13 for lobe width, six for lobe angle, and two for leaf chlorophyll content, were detected on 15 chromosomes or linkage groups at logarithm of odds （LOD）≥2.0, of which 15 were found for leaf morphology at LOD≥3.0. The genetic effects of the QTL were estimated. These results are fundamental for marker-assisted selection （MAS） of these traits in tetraploid cotton breeding.     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. （Parnassiaceae） and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassiafaberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

中华须鳗嗅觉器官形态学观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了10尾不同体长中华须鳗嗅觉器官的结构.结果表明:中华须鳗嗅囊呈楔型;嗅囊膜和嗅囊腹面的透明膜共同围成嗅囊腔;嗅囊长径与眼径的平均比值为2.2倍;每侧嗅囊嗅板数变化范围在30～44之间;嗅板远轴端有一纤毛和嗅孔密集的舌状游离突;嗅板上皮纤毛密集,纤毛细胞表现为3种类型:纤毛感觉细胞、纤毛非感觉细胞和微绒毛感觉细胞;纤毛非感觉细胞和微绒毛细胞也出现在嗅囊壁.嗅板上大量的纤毛表明,中华须鳗嗅囊的水动力机制应属嗅板纤毛搅动型(isosmates).除观察到嗅囊壁表面有两种类型的微嵴外,还首次在嗅板上观察到一种呈荸荠状的杆状细胞.