丛枝菌根网络介导的植物间信号交流研究进展及展望

丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhizal,AM)真菌是一类能够与绝大多数陆地植物形成共生关系的土壤真菌,其根外菌丝可以侵染不同植物根系且可以进行菌丝融合,从而形成丛枝菌根网络(arbuscular mycorrhizal networks, AMNs)。AMNs可以在植物之间转运水分及营养元素如碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)等,最近研究表明AMNs还可以在植物遭受环境胁迫时向邻近植物传递防御信号,对周围植物起到“预警”作用。目前,关于环境胁迫条件下AMNs介导的信号物质传递研究仍处于起步阶段,许多问题亟待回答。该文首先回顾了目前有关AMNs介导的信号物质传递研究进展,继而梳理了这一研究领域值得进一步探究的科学问题,包括AMNs在植物间传递防御信号的可能途径及相关机制, AMNs介导的信号传递对菌根共生体系的可能影响,以及AMNs研究中常用的技术及其发展,最后讨论了AMNs介导的信号物质传递在作物保护等方面的可能应用。     

Granulometric analysis of spots in DNA microarray images

As the topological properties of each spot in DNA microarray images may vary from one another, we employed granulometries to understand the shape-size content contributed due to a significant intensity value within a spot. Analysis was performed on the microarray image that consisted of 240 spots by using concepts from mathematical morphology. In order to find out indices for each spot and to further classify them, we adopted morphological multiscale openings, which provided microarrays at multiple scales. Successive opened microarrays were subtracted to identify the protrusions that were smaller than the size of structuring element. Spot-wise details, in terms of probability of these observed protrusions,were computed by placing a regularly spaced grid on microarray such that each spot was centered in each grid. Based on the probability of size distribution functions of these protrusions isolated at each level, we estimated the mean size and texture index for each spot. With these characteristics, we classified the spots in a microarray image into bright and dull categories through pattern spectrum and shape-size complexity measures. These segregated spots can be compared with those of hybridization levels.     

OxLDL诱发大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡模型的建立

目的　建立OxLDL诱发大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡的模型。方法　SD大鼠尾静脉注射非氧化的LDL ,2 4h后取主动脉血管内皮细胞铺片 ,采用光学显微镜和荧光显微镜进行形态学观察 ,TUNEL法染色计算凋亡细胞比例。结果　( 1)静脉注射LDL组观察到明显的凋亡形态学改变 ,对照组未见凋亡内皮细胞 ;( 2 )静脉注射LDL ( 4mg/kg、 6mg/kg、8mg/kg)组凋亡细胞比例分别为 8 10 %、 18 92 %、 2 2 0 3 % ,三组间有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　 ( 1)尾静脉注射LDL后 2 4h可引起血管内皮细胞凋亡 ;( 2 )静脉注射LDL引起大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡呈剂量依赖性     

胸腺细胞在胸腺外凋亡的形态学证据

In vitro thymus explants culture designed in this paper can mimic the thymic microenvironment as it were in vivo. Theoretically, thymus explants are cut off free from blood stream. So if some developing or developed thymocytes had the inclination to migrate into the periphery, they would only be accumulated in the blood vessels within thymus explants. After 3-day's culture, under transmission electron microscope we observed the migrating thymocytes accumulated in the blood vessels of C57BL/6 mice thymus explants, and these thymocytes were occurring apoptosis at different stage. To our knowledge, this findings offers the first morphological evidence that thymocytes do not necessarily die inside the thymus in situ, and that having acquired the death signals thymocytes can migrate into the blood stream and die quickly outside the thymus. But this is not to say that we deny the intrathymic death hypothesis. On the contrary, we found the number of thymocytes occurring in situ apoptosis on the surfaces of stromal cells is far more than that of migrating into the blood vessels. So, our proposal is that there are two sites for thymocytes apoptosis, some die inside the thymus and the others die outside the thymus.     

泛肽与植物逆境响应

泛肽（ubiquitin）是存在于真核生物中的,含76个氨基酸残基的高度保守的小肽。泛肽途径是真核细胞选择性降解蛋白质的一种途径,它需要E1、E2、E3及26S的蛋白降解体来完成。植物在多种逆境下,都有泛肽途径中某些组分的上调或下调表达。     

利用花粉—气候响应恢复察素齐泥岩部面全新世古气候的尝试

利用共向应面模型进行古气候重建是通过将化石花粉数据与花粉－气候响应模型进行相似对比分析来实现,研究结果表明,在内蒙古中部地区１万年来经历了凉湿期→冷暖干湿剧烈波动期,且有显、温干的气候组合→全新世温暖期→气候波动期的气候变化。     

蝗虫前肠形态及其在分类学上的意义：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文采用体视显微影技术对斑腿蝗科４属６种蝗虫前前肠形态结构及其分类学意义进行了研究。     

野鲮亚科口前室鱼类口唇及其相关结构形态学研究

口唇及其相关结构是野鲮亚科鱼类属级单元的主要分类依据。对我国野鲮亚科中具口前室鱼类类群的口唇及其相关结构形态学进行比较研究,结果显示;吻皮和下唇的形态差异以及吻皮与下唇,上颌与下唇,吻皮与上颌一下唇与下颌之间相互联结的差异构成了口前于类各类群的主要分类特征;口前室鱼类的口型可区分出４种基本式样。     

氨对脑星状胶质细胞形态结构的影响

本文就氨(氯化铵)对体外培养之星状胶质细胞形态结构的影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明,高氨环境下,胶质细胞首先出现空泡变性,之后胞浆内出现细小的嗜碱性颗粒,细胞之间的间隙随着氨浓度的增大及氨作用时间的延长不断增加,细胞的分支状或星状突起显得粗大、清晰。当氨浓度达10mmol/L、氨作用时间延长至72小时时,可见胶质细胞出现核浓缩及崩解坏死现象。观察结果提示:高氨环境下胶质细胞的损伤与修复同时或相继出现,由此其功能代谢也将发生相应变化,这些变化有可能与中枢神经系统在氨中毒时所出现的种种异常有关,其确切作用有待于今后深入研究。     

桃叶石楠上的一个新种——皮内特里尔盘菌

报道生于桃叶石楠Photinia prunifolia叶上的特里尔盘菌属Terriera一新种,即皮内特里尔盘菌T.intraepidermalis。对该种进行了描述、图解和讨论。供研究标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。