亲淋巴磁共振造影剂的合成、表征和性能研究

目的:探讨合成亲淋巴造影剂的方法并对其体内外性能进行研究.方法:采用二氨基乙基乙二醇醚(EOEA)-二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)线性共聚合物(poly-DTPA-EOEA)为配体,与钆(Gd)的三价盐配位构建T1类线性大分子造影剂,检测二氨基乙基乙二醇-DTPA酰胺共聚物钆配合物(Gd-poly-DTPA-EOEA)的表征和性能.结果:Gd-poly-DTPA-EOEA分子量为20kDa,其中钆的含量为14%(w/w).T1值为6.45L mM-1s-1.Gd-poly-DTPA-EOEA在血液中的存留时间明显长于小分子造影剂Gd-DTPA,并可进入淋巴结巨噬细胞内.结论:Gd-poly-DTPA-EOEA是一种具有高驰豫率、循环时间长和亲淋巴特性的T1类大分子造影剂.     

竹维素微粉的结构与性能研究

采用热化学酚化技术分离得到竹纤维素微粉(BCMP).通过对比实验.分析测试了竹纤维酚化前后的结构和性能.实验结果表明,BCMP纤维含量达92%以上,粒径(长度方向)为20～200μm,羟值80～190 mgKOH/g,热分解温度达300℃以上,具有比竹粉更好的疏水性,耐热性,仍保持竹纤维的部分结晶结构;抗老化实验和抗菌实验结果也表明竹纤维素微粉具有比竹粉/木粉更好的抗紫外吸收性能,对细菌繁殖具有显著的抑制作用.     

饲料蛋氨酸对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、抗氧化及糖异生相关酶活性的影响

实验通过评价斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清指标和相关酶活性的变化, 探讨斜带石斑鱼获得最大生长的饲料蛋氨酸(Met)水平与Met代谢关键酶活性和氧化损伤的关系。添加DL-Met使实验饲料中Met的含量分别为0.71%、0.98%、1.26%、1.57%、1.86%和2.18%(Diet1-Diet6), 配制6组等氮等脂的饲料。选择健康实验鱼初重(9.750.05) g随机分为6组, 每天分别于8: 00和17: 00投喂实验饲料, 养殖8周。结果表明, Diet3组鱼体增重率和特定生长率显著高于Diet1和Diet6组(P0.05); Diet4斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的肥满度显著高于Diet1、Diet5和Diet6 (P0.05); Diet2和Diet3组血清总蛋白含量显著高于Diet5组(P0.05), Diet3组幼鱼血糖含量显著低于Diet1组和Diet2组(P0.05), 血清总胆固醇含量在Diet3组逐渐降低, Diet46组显著低于Diet2组(P0.05); Diet3组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高, 显著高于其他各组(P0.05), Diet 4组肝脏磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)活性与Diet 3相比差异不显著, 但是显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。综合以上结果, 以特定生长率为判据, 经二次曲线模型拟合可得斜带石斑鱼幼鱼若获得最大特定生长率, 其饲料中Met的最适含量为1.42%(占饲料蛋白3.16%)。在该水平下, 鱼体血糖、血清总胆固醇含量和PEPCK活性较低, 有利于改善鱼体对能量的利用; SOD和CAT活性升高有利于改善鱼体的氧化损伤。       

麦麸替代玉米对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究用部分麦麸替代基础日粮中的玉米对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选取24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂麦麸替代基础日粮中玉米的5%,10%,15%,20%的试验日粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期35 d。结果表明:麦麸替代玉米提高了平均日采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、蛋比重和哈夫单位(P<0.05)。试验表明,麦麸替代玉米,可以提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善蛋品质,且替代10%的玉米效果最佳。     

延腹小蜂属榕小蜂对榕果果内空腔大小差异的行为和形态适应

大多数榕小蜂的雄蜂终生都在密闭的榕果中生活,榕果间果内空腔的大小存在很大的差异,这种差异可能限制对小蜂的活动。已有研究表明榕果的大小会影响果内榕小蜂雄蜂的打斗行为,那么这种差异是否会影响雄蜂的果内爬行行为? 雄蜂是否会产生适应性的形态特征？针对这些问题,在2008年6月到2009年10月期间,我们在野外采集榕果,并带回实验室中, 对榕果内生活的延腹小蜂属Philotrypesis 5种雄蜂的果内爬行行为和足的形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,根据Philotrypesis spp.雄蜂后足的跗节形态特征的不同,其后足可分成2种形态型--Ⅰ型：后足跗节基部两节的突出部分排列紧密, 后足中跗节不发达; Ⅱ型：后足跗节基部两节的突出部分排列疏松,二者之间有较宽的分隔,后足中跗节发达。GLM分析结果表明各种榕树上生活的Philotrypesis雄蜂前足腿节长宽比存在极显著差异（F_{8, 81}=94.86, P<0.001）。在大果中生活的Philotrypesis雄蜂都具有较细长的前足腿节,在小果中生活的Philotrypesis雄蜂除了M7#c-ben外,都具有较粗壮的前足腿节。当雄蜂在榕果内寻偶时,主要依靠粗壮的前足或灵活的后足在果内爬行。结果提示, 榕果空腔大小可能限制了Philotrypesis雄蜂果内爬行行为, 进而影响了雄蜂足形态的适应性进化。     

埃及品系尼罗罗非鱼的选育及其效果分析

罗非鱼,原产于非洲尼罗河流域,是1976年联合国粮农组织(FAO)向世界推荐的适宜养殖鱼类之一。其后,世界各国都相继引进并试养,据联合国粮农组织统计,目前世界上有100多个国家和地区养殖,总产量达200万吨左右。       

五种常绿冬青叶片防火性能评价

为了筛选冬青属(Ilex)植物优良防火品种,了解该属植物叶片燃烧表现特征,优化园林树种防火性能的评价方法,该文以克恩氏冬青(Ilex×koehneana)、史蒂芬冬青(Ilex ‘Nellie R. Stevens’)、大别山冬青(I. dabieshanensis)、博福德冬青(I. cornuta ‘Burfordii’)、双核冬青(I. dipyrena)为研究对象,以海桐(Pittosporum tobira)和石楠(Photinia serrulata)作为参照,采用因子分析法对这七种植物鲜叶和干叶的防火性能分别进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)不同冬青品种鲜叶火灾性能指数存在显著性差异,其余指标均呈极显著性差异。(2)经过因子分析进行评价得出鲜叶抗火性从强到弱依次为博福德冬青史蒂芬冬青大别山冬青石楠海桐双核冬青克恩氏冬青;干叶抗火性从强到弱依次为史蒂芬冬青大别山冬青博福德冬青海桐双核冬青克恩氏冬青石楠。(3)综合鲜叶及干叶的评分结果,得出博福德冬青、史蒂芬冬青、大别山冬青得分较高,防火性能优于石楠和海桐,防火性能表现更突出。     

秸秆汽爆炼制木质素制备酚醛泡沫材料

以木质纤维素为原料的生物炼制不仅需要考虑到纤维素和半纤维素,同时也需要考虑到木质素的利用,以提高木质纤维素炼制的整体经济效益。利用汽爆处理的玉米秸秆为原料,通过优化碱提取的温度以及碱浓度,获得木质素得率较高,糖含量较少的提取液,同时该提取液经过浓缩后直接部分替代苯酚与甲醛反应制备酚醛泡沫。结果表明:当提取温度120℃,碱浓度1%,固液比1∶10,提取时间2 h,木质素的提取率达到79.67%。由该提取液替代苯酚制备的酚醛泡沫随着替代率的增加,其泡沫的密度逐渐增加,其压缩强度相对于纯酚醛泡沫也得到了提高。而木质素的加入并没有显著影响其热导率以及阻燃性能,同时由于其利用较为低廉的可再生资源木质素替代不可再生的苯酚原料,成本低,环保性好,具有更好的市场应用前景。采用木质素提液直接制备酚醛泡沫材料,工艺流程简单;增加了副产物木质素的经济价值,提高了整个木质纤维素炼制的经济性。     

Interfacial Effects of Superhydrophobic Plant Surfaces： A Review

Nature is a huge gallery of art involving nearly perfect structures and properties over the millions of years of development. Many plants and animals show water-repellent properties with fine micro-structures, such as lotus leaf, water skipper and wings of butterfly. Inspired by these special surfaces, the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted wide attention in both basic research and industrial applications. The wetting properties of superhydrophobic surfaces in nature are affected by the chemical compositions and the surface topographies. So it is possible to realize the biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces by tuning their surface roughness and surface free energy correspondingly. This review briefly introduces the physical-chemical basis of superhydrophobic plant surfaces in nature to explain how the superhydrophobicity of plant surfaces can be applied to different biomimetic functional materials with relevance to technological applications. Then, three classical effects of natural surfaces are classified： lotus effect, salvinia effect, and petal effect, and the promising strategies to fabricate biomimetic su- perhydrophobic materials are highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this area in the future are proposed.     

Comparison of sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern and northern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi

It is widely accepted that the genetic divergence and reproductive incompat- ibility between closely related species and/or populations is often viewed as an important step toward speciation. In this study, sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern XS population and the northern TA population of the polyandrous cabbage beetle Co- laphellus bowringi was investigated by testing their mating preferences, mating latency, copulation duration, and reproductive performances of post-mating. In choice mating ex- periments, the percentages ofmatings were significantly higher in intra-population crosses than in inter-population crosses. Both isolation index （/） and index of pair sexual isolation （/PSi） indicated partial mating incompatibility or assortative mating in crosses between the two different geographical populations. In single pair mating experiments, XS females in inter-population crosses mated significantly later and copulated significantly shorter than those in intra-population crosses. However, TA females in inter-population crosses mated significantly earlier and copulated longer than those in intra-population crosses, suggesting that larger XS males may enhance heterotypic mating. The lifetime fecundity was highest in XS homotypic matings, lowest in TA homotypic matings, and intermedi- ate in heterotypic rnatings between their parents. The inter-population crosses resulted in significantly lower egg hatching rate and shorter female longevity than intra-population crosses. These results demonstrated that there exist some incompatibilities in premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic stages between the southern XS population and northern TA population of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.