中国拳参属(蓼科)植物叶脉序式样的研究

用清净标本制作法对中国产拳参属（Bistorta）（蓼科）12种1变种植物的叶脉序式样在光镜下进行了比较研究。结果表明,叶脉序式样可分为3种类型：（1）环结曲行羽状脉,边缘末级脉不完全,加粗且外卷;（2）环结曲行荆状脉,二级脉与其余各级脉近等粗,边缘末级脉具边脉,不加粗;（3）直行羽状脉,盲脉无或偶有,边缘末级脉不完全,不加粗。依据叶脉序式样,结合其植物习性及外部形态特征,将拳参属植物划分为3个组：拳参组section Bistortu,乌饭树叶蓼组section Vacciniifolia F．Z．Li,L．X．Liu ＆ Y．T．Hou,sect．nov．和匍枝蓼组section Bambuphyllum F．Z．Li,L．X．Liu ＆ Y．T．Hou,sect．nov．。     

贯叶连翘挥发性化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取中草药贯叶连翘(全草)挥发油。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术测定了挥发油的化学成分,从中鉴定出75种化合物,其中百里香酚、桉油精、丁香油酚等酚类物质为首次检出。结果表明,贯叶连翘因产地不同、部位不同,其挥发油的成分有较大的差别。     

昆虫后翅形态进化研究获得新进展

<正>昆虫是地球上最繁盛的生物类群,翅的获得在昆虫演化历程中扮演了重要角色。长久以来,后翅特征在昆虫的识别和种类鉴定中就已获得广泛应用且具重要价值。伴随着支序系统学的发展,后翅成为系统发育研究中非常重要的特征来源。但是后翅的形态是否能够反映整个昆虫的系统发育并未获得证实。而且前人对后翅形态进化的     

The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

Chloroplasts （plastids） possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco （plastid-encoded components） and Arabidopsis （nucleus-encoded components）. This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant develop- ment at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway（s）. In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.     

Comparative analysis of chromosome segregation in human,yeasts and trypanosome

Chromosome segregation is a tightly regulated process through which duplicated genetic materials are equally partitioned into daughter cells. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism of chromosome segregation using animals and yeasts as model systems. Recently, new insights into chromosome segregation have gradually emerged using trypanosome, an early branching parasitic protozoan, as a model organism. To uncover the unique aspects of chromosome segregation in trypanosome, which potentially could serve as new drug targets for anti-trypanosome chemotherapy, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis of the chromosome segregation machinery between trypanosome and its human host. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge about chromosome segregation in human and Trypanosoma brucei, with a focus on the regulation of cohesin and securin degradation triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome （APC/C）. We also include yeasts in our comparative analysis since some of the original discoveries were made using budding and fission yeasts as the model organisms and, therefore, these could provide hints about the evolution of the machinery. We highlight both common and unique features in these model systems and also provide perspectives for future research in trypanosome.     

变异性咳嗽病人肺通气功能检测结果分析

目的分析肺通气功能检测在变异性咳嗽患者诊断中的价值。方法选择2013年1~12月在我院呼吸科门诊确诊为变异性咳嗽的患者80例(发作组),行肺通气功能检测,内容包括用力肺活量(FVC),第一秒最大时间肺活量(FEV1)一秒率(FEV1/FVC)测定,呼气流量峰值(PEF%)和最大呼气中段流量(FEV25%,FEV50%,FEV75%)等指标,并与同期健康体检者50例(对照组)对照分析。结果发作组肺通气功能指标低于对照组,小气道指标FEV25%,FEV50%,FEV75%,MMEF较大气道指标FEV1,MEFV,FEV1/FVC下降较明显。结论肺通气功能的检测可以评价变异性咳嗽患者的小气道功能障碍,为其诊断和病情的动态观察提供依据。     

磷有效性对大豆菌根侵染的调控及其与根构型、磷效率的关系

以30个不同根构型的大豆基因型为材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了生长介质磷有效性对大豆接种摩西球囊霉属丛枝菌根真菌的影响及其与根构型、磷效率的关系.结果表明：生长介质磷有效性显著地影响大豆菌根真菌的接种效果.低磷条件下接种菌根真菌效果明显,菌根侵染率较高,菌根对大豆磷吸收的贡献率较大;高磷条件下接种菌根真菌效果不显著,菌根侵染率较低,菌根对大豆磷吸收的贡献率较低.磷有效性和大豆根构型对菌根真菌接种的影响具有交互作用.低磷条件下,中间型和深根型大豆的菌根侵染率最高,浅根型最小.高磷条件下,根构型与菌根侵染率间的关系不明显.根构型和菌根侵染状况对大豆磷效率的贡献存在互利互补关系,磷效率高的大豆基因型一般具有较好的根构型或较高的菌根侵染率.     

不同海拔云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分变化

研究了不同海拔(2 100～2 700 m)下,野生和人工栽培云南黄连的生物量、主要有效成分含量及产量.结果表明:野生云南黄连根茎和根生物量沿海拔梯度呈上升趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);人工栽培云南黄连根茎生物量平均值在海拔2 600 m和2 700 m处分别为87.5 kg·hm^-2和97.0 kg·hm^-2,显著高于海拔2 300 m处(34.8 kg·hm^-2,P<0.05),且海拔2 300、2 600和2 700 m的人工栽培云南黄连根茎和根生物量均大于野生云南黄连,但无显著性差异(P>0.05). 野生云南黄连的根茎和根生物量均与全株生物量呈显著正相关. 野生云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 700 m处最高,分别为4.60%和1.93%; 根茎巴马汀和药根碱含量、根药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根巴马汀含量在2 300 m处最高.人工云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 600 m处最高,分别为4.41%和1.90%; 根茎巴马汀含量,根小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根茎药根碱含量在海拔2 300 m处最高.海拔2 600～2 700 m处野生云南黄连根茎和根中各有效成分产量显著高于海拔2 100和2 300 m处(P<0.05). 野生云南黄连分株的根茎生物量、根生物量、叶生物量、总生物量、高度和冠幅沿海拔梯度呈先升后降趋势.增大种植密度和加强人工管理可以提高云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分产量.     

遮荫对水曲柳幼苗细根衰老的影响

细根周转对森林生态系统碳地下分配和养分循环具有重要影响,而衰老是细根周转过程中最重要的阶段。根据“源-汇”理论,细根衰老受碳向细根分配的影响。为此,该研究通过控制水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)苗木向根系的碳分配的遮荫处理试验,采用树木生理分析技术,重点研究了在光合产物供应停止情况下水曲柳幼苗根系的生理变化(即根尖、1级根到3级根的细胞活力、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和膜透性的变化)。目的是从生理水平上证实:1)碳分配对细根衰老产生怎样的影响;2)细根衰老的顺序是否与分支顺序相反。实验结果表明,遮荫处理使细根活力、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量显著降低和膜透性增大,导致细根出现明显衰老。从根系顶端向基部随着根序增加,细胞活力、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量提高,膜透性降低,从生理水平上表明细根衰老具有逐渐变化的顺序性,并且这种顺序性与根发育的顺序性相反。     

哺乳动物核质重组胚后成性重序的机制

研究表明,供体核不完全或者不正确的后成性重序可能是核移植失败的主要原因。本篇文章综述了哺乳动物核质重组胚中存在的几种不同的后成性重序机制,包括DNA甲基化、染色质重构、基因组印记与X染色体失活、端粒维持以及其他后成性遗传机制。理解重组胚后成性重序的机制将有助于我们解决核移植技术中存在的问题,进而促进它的应用。