尖三刺角蝉的核型与性二型现象：同翅目：角蝉科

尖三刺角蝉Ｔｈｉｃｅｎｔｒｕｓａｃｕｔｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ的雌雄均只有１０条染色体,性别决定为ＸＹ型,是角蝉科已知最为独特的核型特征,该种具有明显的性二型现象,由于雄性不具有上肩角,极易被误认为是秃角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｔｏｓｃｅｌｌｕｓＦｕｎｋｈｏｕｓｅｒ的种类。本文根据染色体特征,首次确定了该种的雄性,并对其形态特征进行了描述。     

Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sequences in an apple rootstock using a digoxygenin detection system

A 6kb rDNA probe comprising the 18S coding plus spacer sequences has been hybridized to the metaphase chromosomes of apple rootstock cultivar MM106 demonstrating the localization of ribosomal gene arrays in the vicinity of the telomeric regions of the short arms of chromosomes 6 and 14.The in situ results using digoxygenin labelling coupled to an alkaline phosphatase immunoassay were confirmed by silver staining for NORs and nucleoli.This study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular cytogenetic analysis of very small chromosomes(1.0-2.7μm） of apple.     

被子植物核型胚乳细胞化机理研究的现状

被子植物核型胚乳细胞化机理研究的现状李师翁（庆阳师专生物系,甘肃西峰７４５０００）ＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＣＥＬＬＵＬＡＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＮＵＣＬＥＡＲＥＮＤＯＳＰＥＲＭＩＮＡＮＧＩＯＳＰＥＲＭＳＬｉ...     

You形目两种鱼的染色体组型研究

采用活体注射秋水仙素制备鱼类肾细胞染色体的方法,对Ｙｏｕ形目的许氏平ＹｏｕＳｅｂａｓｔｅｓ ｓｃｈｔｅｇｅｌｉ（Ｈｉｌｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ）和欧氏六线鱼Ｈｅｘａｇｒａｍｍｏｓ ｏｔａｋｉｉ Ｊｏｒｄａｎ ＆ Ｓｔａｒｋｓ的染色体组型进行了初步研究。许氏平Ｙｏｕ的二倍体染色体数目为２ｎ＝４８,其中一对中部着丝粒染色体,其余全部为端部着丝粒染色体,一对端着丝粒染色体具随体。欧氏六线鱼２ｎ＝４８,３对中部着     

人染色体脆性位点部位的显微光谱学研究 Study of Microspectroscopy for the Position of the Fragile Sites in Human Chromosome

采用显微分光光度法,对染色体脆性位点的部位进行了显微光谱学研究。实验证明,带有脆点的染色体其DNA含量大多数趋向减少,少数略有增加,推测染色体脆性部位的产生是由于染色质DNA在高度凝缩形成中期染色体过程中超旋结构改变的结果。 The position of fragile sites in human chromosome was studied by means of the microspectroscopy. The results show that the amount DNA in chromosome with fragile sites decreases in most condition. We can suppose that the fragile sites of chromosome is caused by the superhelix structure changes of chromosome DNA during the formation of metaphase chromosome which is formed in high condensation.     

糙皮侧耳染色体计数和担孢子形成过程中细胞核行为的研究

糙皮侧耳（Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔｕｓ ｏｓｔｒｅａｔｕｓ）菌褶经有丝分裂阻断剂预处理、原 生质体铺片和Ｇｉｅ－ｍｓａ染色并结合苏木精染色后,经过多次反复实验观察,证明糙皮侧耳的染色体条数为９（ｎ＝９）;糙皮侧耳从菌褶分化完成到子实体完全成熟的过程中,不断有少量新的双核担子产生,发生核配直到释放担孢子。其减数分裂同步性不高。减数分裂后,４个子核分别进入４个担孢子中,留下中空的担子。     

应用HeLa细胞染色体（簇）和蛙卵提取物进行细胞核体外重建试验

将ＨｅＬａ细胞中期染色体（簇）、非液爪蟾卵提取物和ＡＴＰ再生体系混合温育,能够促使细胞核自发重建。在此非细胞体系中重建的细胞核处于一般细胞核大小范围,具有典型的双层核膜、核孔复合体、染色质、核纤层、核骨架等结构;核重建具有一个明显的过程;发现环形片层通过与核膜融合方式参与核膜和核孔复合体组装。