Identification and genetic mapping of four novel genes that regulate leaf development in Arabidopsis

Molecular and genetic characterizations of mutants have led to a better understanding of many developmental processes in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana.However,the leaf development that is specific to plants has been little studies.With the aim of contributing to the genetic dissection of leaf development,we have performed a large-scare screening for mutants with abnormal leaves.Among a great number of leaf mutants we have generated by T-DNA and transposon tagging and ethylmethae sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis,four independent mutant lines have been identified and studied genetically.Phenotypes of these mutant lines represent the defects of four novel muclear genes designated LL1(LOTUS LEAF 1),LL2(LOTUS LEAF2),URO(UPRIGHT ROSETTE),and EIL(ENVIRONMENT CONDITION INDUCED LESION).The phenotypic analysis indicates that these genes play important roles during leaf development.For the further genetic analysis of these genes and the map-based cloning of LL1 and LL2,we have mapped these genes to chromosome regions with an efficient and rapid mapping method.     

一个生物网络比对的启发式算法

随着各种高通量生物实验技术的发明和广泛应用,越来越多的分子生物网络数据被公布.有效而且可靠的比对这些网络对检测分子生物网络的保守性功能模块和推测物种间的进化关系有着十分重要的意义.然而,由于网络比对在理论上是NP-困难（nondeterministic polynomialtime-hard）问题,它已经成为当前计算生物学需要攻克的主要难点之一.本文提出了一个比对两个蛋白质相互作用网络的启发式算法.该算法首先通过比较两个网络中所有顶点的邻域相似性给出这两个网络的顶点相似性矩阵,然后利用该矩阵将全局网络比对问题转化为一个二部图匹配问题.众所周知,二部图匹配问题具有多项式时间复杂度算法,本文利用ILOG CPLEX软件进行求解.为了验证该算法的优越性,作者比对了水痘病毒（varicella-zoster,VZV）和卡波济（氏）肉瘤病毒（kaposi＇s sarcomaassociated herpesvirus,KSHV）的蛋白质相互作用网络,并且把比对结果同其它网络比对算法进行比较.结果证明该算法显著提高了全局网络比对的精确度.     

山西五鹿山自然保护区辽东栎群落木本植物种间数量关系

基于2×2联列表,应用方差比率法、χ2检验、Pearson相关系数及Spearman秩相关系数检验等数量分析方法对山西五鹿山自然保护区辽东栎群落的27个优势种,共351个种对间的关联性进行定量研究。方差分析表明,27个优势种群的总体种间关联性呈不显著关联,种的分布相对独立。χ2检验结果有154个种对呈正相关,188个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.82;Pearson相关系数检验有124个种对呈正相关,226个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.55;Spearman秩相关系数检验有151个种对呈正相关,200个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.76;与χ2检验相比,Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度。351个种对中,绝大多数种对的联结关系未达到显著水平,说明五鹿山自然保护区辽东栎群落具有明显的次生性。根据这27个优势种群对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素辅助以PCA排序,可将它们划分为3种生态种组。     

新书介绍

生物入侵:中国外来入侵植物图谱(编著者:万方浩,刘全儒,谢明等)内容提要:本书为"生物入侵:中国外来入侵物种"系列图鉴之一。共收录了142种重要的入侵植物,介绍了入侵植物的学名、英文名、中文异名、形态特征、识别要点、生境及危害、控制措施、中国分     

传统农具 洋洋大观

正耕地整地工具耕地整地工具用于耕翻土地、破碎土垡、平整田地等作业。经历了从耒耜到畜力犁的发展过程,汉代畜力犁已成为最重要的耕作农具,魏晋时期北方已经使用犁、耙、耱进行旱地配套耕作,宋代南方形成犁、耙、耖的水田耕作体系。犁——用畜力牵引的耕地     

Loss of Genetic Diversity of Domesticated Panax notoginseng F H Chen as Evidenced by ITS Sequence and AFLP Polymorphism： A Comparative Study with P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng

In the present study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Panax notoginseng F H Chen, a domesticated species, and P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng, an endangered wild species in southeastern Yunnan and adjacent areas in Vietnam, using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Twenty-four accessions from three plantations of P. notoginseng and 51 samples from eight populations of P. stipuleanatus were assayed. A total of 694 bp of partial sequences of 18S, ITS 1, 5.8S, ITS2, and partial sequences of 26S were obtained. No sequence variation was detected within P. notoginseng and nine sites (1.30%) were variable in P. stipuleanatus. Two-thirds of the variable sites were found between Langqiao and other populations. In P. notoginseng, four pairs of AFLP primer combinations generated 312 bands, of which 240 (76.9%) were polymorphic and 60.15% of the polymorphisms were harbored within plantations. Approximately 41.0% and 66.9% of bands were polymorphic in population D7 and 5589, respectively. In P.stipuleanatus, the same four primer combinations produced 346 bands, of which 334 (96.5%) were polymorphic and approximately 62.14% of polymorphisms were maintained within populations. Considerable variations were observed. The percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 50.2% to 84.9% and the average over populations was 70.9%. Cluster analysis did not show correlation of genetic differentiation with the distinctive leaf morphology of P. stipuleanatus (i.e. one form with bipinnatifid leaflets and the other with undivided leaflets). Because over 40% of genetic variations were maintained among populations and because of the very restricted distribution of P. stipuleanatus, all natural populations of this species should be conserved in situ. Considering that there are variations in P. notoginseng within and among plantations, we suggest establishing a genetic resource conservation garden or reintroducing P. notoginseng into its native habitats in southwestern China. Such reintroduction should be carefully executed after large-scale screening of genetic variation within the species.     

数据噪音构建基因布尔网络模型的方法

在分析基因数据时,往往有噪音出现,因此借用基因表达谱数据中的噪音来建立卡诺图,可以得到布尔网络逻辑函数。而且利用此方法确定蛋白质与蛋白质之间的逻辑关系,建立蛋白质的逻辑网络。通过该方法可以寻找直系同源簇蛋白质数据的逻辑关系。     

中国主要五针松群落学特征及其生物量的研究

本文根据现有的文献资料,系统地分析了中国五针松的分布．群落学特征,按不同分布区、不同群落类型探讨了中国五针松的群落生物量和年净生产量及在群落的不同层次上的分布．比较分析了不同分布区五针松的年干物质累积速度（ＮＰ／Ｂ）．结果表明：１１５─１３５ａ生的阔叶红松林群落生物量在９７．０９─１２０．５１ｔ／ｈｍ￣２之间,年净生产量在８．６９８─１０．３４ｔ／ｈｍ￣２．ａ之间,年净生产量长白山山脉沙松、鹅耳枥红松林＞小兴安岭南坡枫桦、水曲柳红松林＞小兴安岭北坡云杉、冷杉红松林;３０─３６ａ生的华山松林群落生物量在７８．７５─９４．７３ｔ／ｈｍ￣２之间,年净生产量在４．９９３─５．５３７ｔ／ｈｍ￣２．ａ之间,年净生产量贵州山地常绿阔叶华山松林＞秦岭中山地阔叶华山松林＞甘肃小陇山针阔叶华山松林．ＮＰ／Ｂ值：长白山山脉的阔叶红松林＞小兴安岭山脉的阔叶红松林;秦岭中山地阔叶华山松林＞甘肃小陇山针阔华山松林＞贵州中山地常绿阔叶华山松林．     

五爪金龙茎的解剖结构

运用常规石蜡切片、显微观察及显微照相的方法,对五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica)茎的结构进行了观察研究,结果表明:五爪金龙茎的解剖结构以初生结构为主,维管形成层已经形成,但次生结构尚不发达。通常具3~6个空腔,初步推断其为裂生式分泌道;表皮外弦向壁增厚,具角质层,具气孔及气室;紧贴表皮内方的1~3层和皮层最内1~3层的细胞可能为分泌细胞;具双韧维管束,木质部极为发达,导管细胞紧密排列,围绕内韧皮部和中央的髓而成一圆周;形成层位于外韧皮部与木质部之间;茎中央是大型薄壁细胞构成的髓,具簇晶。     

用原位分子杂交技术定位牛生长激素基因于5号染色体

本工作利用放射性标记的ｂＧＨ基因（３．０ｋｂ）为探针,通过原位杂交定位牛生长激素基因于染色体５ｑ２２－２６内。该结果与以前的ｂＧＨ基因定位的结果不同,讨论了基因探针、基因定位方法等方面与定位准确性的关系。