犁头尖属及其近缘属植物(天南星科)的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜对犁头尖属（Typhonium Schott）及其近缘属共18种植物的花粉进行研究,其中,8种为首次报道,11种为我国特有。结果表明：天南星族4属植物花粉形态基本一致,无萌发孔,无覆盖层,具刺,但各个种在花粉粒大小,刺长,刺的开关,刺的密度,刺基部直径和刺间纹饰方面差别较大,可以作为种的区别特征之一。花粉形态特征支持天南星族为本科最进化类群的观点。花粉粒刺间具颗粒为半夏属（Pinellia Tenore）植物花粉的显著特征,花粉形态特征不支持将单籽犁头尖（T,calcicolum C.Y.Wues H.Li et al.）和昆明犁头尖（T,kunmingense H,Li）合并。西南犁头尖（T.omeiense H.Li）的花粉粒非常小,认为是较进化的种。犁头尖属内种间的花粉形态差异较大,甚至大于属间的差异,或许该属的系统分类需要作较大的变动,这与Susanne利用cpDNA片段的所提结果基本一致。     

王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抑制作用

目的 探讨王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抑制作用。方法 王锦蛇血清与不同剂量的尖吻蝮蛇毒分别混合后,注射到小鼠背皮下,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抗出血活力;腹腔注射此混合物后,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抗毒效价;先后注射尖吻蝮蛇毒和王锦蛇血清,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的死亡、组织损伤和炎症的抑制、保护和治疗作用。结果 1ml王锦蛇血清可完全抑制10mg（干重）的尖吻蝮蛇毒的出血活力;1ml王锦蛇血清可中和11mg（干重）尖吻蝮蛇毒的致死活力;王锦蛇血清对由尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的致死、组织损伤和炎症有显著的抑制、保护和治疗作用。结论 王锦蛇血清是尖吻蝮蛇毒的强抑制剂,可能成为未来新的蛇伤治疗药物的原料。     

人参果茎尖脱毒培养与快速繁殖

对人参果(Solanum muricatum Ait)茎尖进行离体培养及快速繁殖.结果表明:适于外植体生长分化的培养基是不加任何激素或只加0.2 mg*L-1 NAA的MS培养基;用MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA培养基能促进组培苗茎尖快速伸长,有利于茎尖的剥离和脱毒培养;适于茎尖愈伤组织形成和分化的培养基为MS 0.2 mg*L-1 NAA 2.0 mg*L-1 6-BA;适于壮苗快繁的培养基为MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA 0.1 mg*L-1 PP333.生物学和电镜检测结果表明,利用0.2～0.3 mm茎尖培养的人参果试管苗已脱除病毒.     

我国蝮属蛇类和尖吻蝮英文名称的建议

“Vipers“ is the English common name for more than 200 species of the family Viperidae. The so called “pit vipers“ is also the English common name for more than 150 species of the subfamily Crotalinae which have a “faclal pit“, an organ on each side of head which functions as a heat receptor. Of course, in countries where the people use English as the mother language there are English names for most snakes found in their own country. For example, the pit-viper species Agkistrodon contortrix is called “copperhead“, and Agkistrodon piscivorus is called “cottonmouth“ or “water moccasin“ in the USA. Also, another pit-viper, Agkistrodon bilineatus, is called “cantil“ by the people in Mexico and South America. In Japan, there has only one species belonging to the genus Glo3dius, i.e., Gloydius blornhoffii. According to its Japanese pronunciation, it has an English name by spelling of English alphabets as “mamushi“. Up to date, there are more than ten species recognized in the genus Gloydius. Among them , most are found in China. But there is no English common name especially for those species. After my detail studying, I certainly believe that there a Chinese word, “腹“ (according to Chinese pronunciation, it may be spelled by English alphabets as “Fu“) especially for the pit-viper species since 500 to 300 years B.C. During the following 2500 years, the snake name “Fu“ appeared in many ancient Chinese boaks dealing about dictionary (the “Ya“ course), drug boaks (Ben Cao), and even literature boaks or papers. So, the author of this paper used “腹“ as Chinese name for all the Gloydius species as well as for Deinagkistrodon acutus, because the latter was never included in the same genus. In this paper the author would suggest to use the English alphabet spelling “Fu“ plus “s“ (Fus) as an English name for the genus Gloydius, and “Fu “ as the English name of all the Gloydius species found in China and other places (excluding Gloydius blomhoffii found only in Japan, which still would keep its Japanese name “mamushi“). Besides, using “Sharp-snouted Fu“ as an English name of the genus Deinagkistrodon as well as species name of Deinagkistrodon acutus.     

梵净山尖叶拟船叶藓的遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD技术,选取10个引物对梵净山的尖叶拟船叶藓(Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis)自然分布区的南、北坡14个居群153个个体的总DNA进行了扩增,共得到196个位点.统计分析表明:(1)梵净山尖叶拟船叶藓在物种水平有较高的遗传多样性,居群水平的遗传多样性相对较低.(2)该藓种遗传多样性高低与海拔高度无关,但南坡的多样性水平略高于北坡.(3)遗传多样性的63.29%发生在居群间,只有36.71%发生在居群内.研究结果提示尖叶拟船叶藓的遗传多样性受小生境的影响较大,遗传漂变和环境适应可能是影响居群分化的主要原因.     

利用GUS基因瞬时表达对大豆子叶节和胚尖转化方法的比较及优化

建立了一个综合利用CaMV 35S：：GUS基因的瞬时表达水平、表达位点和表达率来评价大豆转化效率的检测体系,并利用该体系对分别以栽培大豆（Glycine max L．）“科丰6号”、“合丰35”、“中黄13”和“垦农18”的子叶节和胚尖为外植体的农杆菌介导的2种不同转化方法进行了比较和优化。实验结果表明,不同的转化方法对大豆的品种要求不同,“科丰6号”和“合丰35”2个品种适合子叶节转化法．而“中黄13”更适于胚尖转化法。大豆萌发培养基和共培养基对转化频率的影响存在交互作用,低6-BA的萌发培养基和高6～BA的共培养基配合、或者高6-BA的萌发培养基和低6-BA的共培养基配合使用适合“科丰6号”子叶节转化法,而“中黄13”胚尖转化法要求萌发培养基和共培养基中的6-BA浓度都较高。另外,在子叶节转化系统中,6d苗龄的子叶节共培养3dGUS基因的瞬时表达率较高,而在胚尖转化系统中大豆的萌发时间对GUS基因的瞬时表达率并没有显著的影响,胚尖与农杆菌共培养较宜的时间为5d。     

长江干流圆筒吻鮈的年龄与生长

根据 5 5 1尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻的年龄与生长 ,并提出了资源合理利用建议。圆筒吻的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据 ,年轮形成期主要在 2～ 5月。圆筒吻的体长与鳞长呈直线关系 ,与体重呈幂指数关系 ,生长适合VonBertalanffy生长方程。在 1～ 2龄生长最快 ,为保护圆筒吻资源 ,应限捕体长 2 0 0mm以下的个体     

马哈利樱桃茎尖培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称马哈利樱桃(Cerasus mahaleb)又称圆叶樱桃. 2材料类别茎尖. 3培养条件以MS为基本培养基.(1)起始培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2～0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 IAA 0.5 GA30.5 3%白砂糖;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IAA2.0(或IBA 0.6) 2%白砂糖.以上培养基均加琼脂0.6%,pH 5.8,121℃、0.11MPa下灭菌25 min.培养温度23～27℃/15～18℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度2 500 lx.     

蘘荷茎尖的离体快繁

1植物名称蘘荷(Zingiber mioga). 2材料类别根茎上的休眠芽. 3培养条件诱导休眠芽萌动培养基:MS 6-BA1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA0.2;增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.5 NAA 0.2;展叶、生根培养基:1/2MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.5.以上培养基中均含3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度为(26±1)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光照度1 800～2 000 lx.     

羟脯氨酸对离体培养的菜薹幼苗、茎尖和愈伤组织的生理效应

研究了离体培养下羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)对菜薹(Brassicacampestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis)品种"六十天特青"的幼苗、茎尖和愈伤组织的生理效应.培养基中添加7g·L-1琼脂和30g·L-1蔗糖.结果用Microsoft的Excel进行曲线拟合和显著性检验.