普通小麦与簇毛麦不对称体细胞杂交的研究

以不同浓度(0～2.5mmol/L)碘乙酰胺(IOA)处理的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)原生质体为受体,以经6krad(130rad/min)⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理的继代后4～5d期簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)愈伤组织原生质体为供体,使用PEG法诱导细胞融合。融合细胞经培养形成细胞团、愈伤组织或植株。通过形态学比较、染色体检查及同工酶分析,确认了得到的愈伤组织和再生植株为体细胞杂种。     

南亚热带森林几种乔木种子萌发和幼苗生长观察

本文对香椿（Ｔｏｏｎａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ａ．Ｊｕｓｓ．）Ｒｏｅｍ．）、木蝴蝶（Ｏｒｏｘｙｌｕｍｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ（Ｌ．）Ｖｅｎｔ．）、扁斗青冈（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｈｕｉＣｈｕｎ）、泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ（Ｓｅｅｍ．）Ｈｅｍｓｌ）罗浮柿（ＤｉｏｓｐｙｒｏｓｍｏｒｒｉｓｉａｎａＨａｎｃｅ）、枳（ＢｅｒｃｈｅｍｉａｄｕｌｃｉｓＴｈｕｎｂ．）等南亚热带森林乔木种子萌发和幼苗生长进行观察．香椿、扁斗青冈、罗浮柿种子在轻阴（５５％光）条件下萌发率最高,分别为７０％、９０％、３０％,木蝴蝶种子在重阴（３８％光）条件下萌发率最高,为８０％,枳种子在光照条件下萌发率最高,为１５％．阳性树种香椿、木蝴蝶、泡桐、枳幼苗生长速度较快,属速生型树种,其幼苗在光照条件下生长速度最快,森林中树种扁斗青冈、罗浮柿幼苗生长速度较慢,属慢生型树种,其幼苗在轻阴条件下生长较好．随着施肥量的增加,幼苗生长速度明显提高．     

山东省小麦害虫蛛形纲天敌种类初步调查

1978-1990年,在山东省已查明的小麦害虫蛛形纲天敌种类58种,隶属2个目、L5个科、38属。现报道如下。     

小麦提型不育系和杂交种种子生活力遗传改良初探

本试验共选用了4个提型不育系(A系)及其保持系(B系)、4个恢复系(R系)及其川7B/R4份F~1|代材料,用不同遗传背景的B、R系及川7B/R材料与A系杂交,种子成熟时收获干燥考种,度过休眠期后进行发芽试验。结果表明,父本对F~0|种子千粒重存在胚乳直感现象;川3A、川4A与其它B系杂交,其F~0|种子的千粒重、饱满度、发芽率和发芽势均有不同程度的提高;川4A×R和川6A×R的杂种种子千粒重多分别比川4A×川7B/R和川6A×川7B/R的高,但前种组合(A×R)的种子发芽和发芽率远不如后一种组合(A×川7B /R)的种子,且前种组合的穗发芽率也较高。作者认为,利用A系与农艺性状相近、但遗传背景各异的B系杂交,或在R系中输入抗提型细胞质负影响的高种子生活力基因, 是提高A系和杂交种种子生活力的值得注意的途径。 Abstract:The objective of this paper is trying to grope for ways of improving sced viability of A-line and hybrid in wheat with T.timopheevi cytoplasm.Four A lines and their B lines,4 restorers (R line) and 4 crosses of Chuan 7B/R were used.The combinations of A×B,A×R and A×Chuan 7B/R were madc,and 1 000-grain weight (GW),rate of pre-harvest sprouting(RPHS),germinating energy(GE) and germination percentage (GP) of their F0 seeds were investigated.The results showed that the GW,full weight,GE and GP of the seeds of Chuan 3A and 4A×other B lines were higher than those of Chuan 3A×3B and chuan 4A×4B;although the GW of Chuan 4A and 6A×R were heavier than those of Chuan 4A and 6A×Chuan 7B/R,the GE and GP of the latter crosses increased largely and their RPHScs were less.Therefore,it was considered as effective ways for improvement on seed viability,that A lines cross with other B lines having different genetic background but similar agronomic characters and that the gene(s) concerning high seed viability were transferred into restorers.     

一种水稻卷叶性状的遗传分析

对水稻卷叶品种流岗卷叶粳与4个平展叶品种及1个卷叶标志基因(rl3)系的杂交或回交后代进行了考察。结果表明,流岗卷叶粳的卷叶特性以单基因不完全显性方式遗传; 该基因与rl3基因不等位,当rl3位点处于隐性纯合时两者以累加方式发生互作。这一等位基因可作标志基因使用,暂定名为Rl(t)。 Abstract:Liugangjuanyejing is a rolled leaf mutant of rice.A genetic study on the rolled-leaf character was carried out by crossing it with four flat-leaf cultivars and a genetic marker line (with a rolled-leaf allele rl3).The results showed that this character was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene which was non-allelic to rl3 locus and that there existed additive effect between the two loci when the rl3 locus was homozygous recessiveness.This new rolled-leaf allele was provisionally named as Rl(t) and could be used as a genetic marker of rice.     

抗白粉病小麦染色体组型的分子标记与生化标记分析

应用与小麦第六同源群有关的分子和生化标记,包括ＤＮＡ探针ｐＳｃ５·３Ｈ３和ｐＳＲ１６７以及同工酶Ｅｓｔ－５和ａ－Ａｍｙ－１,对来自六倍体小黑麦Ｂｅａｇｌｅ与普通小麦科冬５８杂交后代Ｆ１花粉植株的抗白粉病株系Ｍ２４．Ｍ０９及Ｍ１７进行了分析。结果表明,Ｍ２４、Ｍ０９及Ｍ１７不同程度地含有黑麦染色体成分,而且电泳谱带差别较大,据此推断,Ｍ０９为６ＲＬ的易位系。因此,生化和分子标记不仅可以用于确定外源片段的存在,而且可以帮助确定染色体组型和外源片段的位置     

一个多抗小麦—中间偃麦草新种质的选育和细胞分子生物学鉴定

经过多年田间和温室接种抗病性鉴定,从(77-5433×中5)杂交组合花药培养后代中选育出一个兼抗大麦黄矮病、条锈、叶锈和秆锈4种小麦主要病害的新种质遗4212。遗4212的体细胞染色体数为42,在减数分裂中期Ⅰ,在几乎所有的花粉母细胞中都可以观察到21个二价体,这说明遗4212是一个在遗传上业已稳定的整倍体材料。对(遗4212×77-5433)F_1代花粉母细胞的观察表明,遗4212可能是含1对外源中间偃麦草染色体的代换系或具较大中间偃麦草染色体片段的易位系。用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)对遗4212的有丝分裂中期相、减数分裂后期Ⅰ相和(遗4212×77-5433)F_1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ进行了检测,确证遗4212含1对外源中间偃麦草染色体。这些结果表明,遗4212是一个小麦一中间偃麦草代换系,其抗病性来自其携带的1对中间偃麦草。     

东方山羊草,属状山羊草中染色体配对控制机制的存在和作用

直接杂交与幼胚培养方法结合获得了小麦与东方山羊草。尾状山羊草属间杂种。Ｆ１杂种细胞学研究表发现,东方山羊草的染色体组显著促进部分同源染色体配对,完全掩盖了小麦ｐｈｌ基因的作用。尾状山羊草的染色体组一定程度抑制部分同源染色配对,尤其强烈抑制小麦ｐｈｌｂ基因的作用。