东南沿海地区小菜蛾对Bt δ-内毒素和Bt制剂的抗性检测

采用浸叶法测定了2003年秋季、2004年春季采自广东惠州、福建福州、浙江杭州和江苏南京的小菜蛾Plutella xylostella田间种群对Cry1Aa、Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa以及Bt制剂kurstaki亚种 (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Btk）的抗性水平。与敏感品系PHI-S相比,广东惠州田间小菜蛾种群的抗性水平最高,其对Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac的抗性分别达到了168和120倍,均为高抗水平; 对Btk制剂的抗性有47倍,达到了中抗水平;对Cry1Aa和Cry2Aa具有低水平抗性 (分别为5.8和5.6倍)。福建福州、浙江杭州和江苏南京田间小菜蛾种群抗性水平相近,对Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac具有低至中等水平抗性 (8～28倍),对Btk制剂具有低水平抗性 (3.5～7倍),对Cry1Aa和Cry2Aa还没有产生明显抗性。因此,在我国东南沿海地区要注意Btk制剂与Bt其他亚种制剂或其他生物杀虫剂轮换使用,以减小Bt制剂对小菜蛾的选择压力,延缓小菜蛾对Bt抗性的发展。     

不同地理种群小菜蛾的遗传多样性分析

采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳方法,分析了北京、河北、云南和武汉4个不同地理种群的小菜蛾的等位酶,得到了3个酶系统（甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶（GPD）、苹果酸酶（ME）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH-1,MDH-2和MDH-3）5个基因位点的资料。用Biosys2.0软件计算了不同地理种群的遗传变异指标（N、A、P、H0和He）,结果表明小菜蛾各种群内的基因多样性大于各种种群间的基因多样性（约15倍）,武汉种群小菜蛾的遗传性最大。并计算了遗传距离D和相似性系数,并由此得出聚类图,分析了小菜蛾不同地理种群间的遗传关系。     

樱桃虎象甲卵空间分布型及其抽样技术

野巴旦杏Ａｍｙｇｄｌｕｓ　ｌｅｄｅｂｏｕｒｉａｎｅＳｃｈｌｅｃｈｅ是世界上濒临灭绝的珍稀植物,属新疆保护植物。樱桃虎象甲ＲｈｙｎｃｈｉｔｅｓａｕｒａｔｕｓＳｃｏｐｏｌｉ是危害野巴旦杏果实的主要害虫之一,其雌成虫在野巴旦杏果实上咬一深洞,将卵产于其中,幼虫孵化后蛀入果核内取食果仁造成危害。因此,研究野巴旦杏上樱桃虎象甲卵的空间分布型对于调查和防治樱桃虎象甲具有一定的价值。我们在野巴旦杏保护区对此进行了大量的调查,现将有关资料整理如下。１调查方法在野巴旦杏保护区内共设１０块标准地对樱桃虎象甲的产卵情…     

不同地理种群小菜蛾对甲胺磷的抗药性

采用浸叶法研究了福州建新镇、福建农林大学校园内、闽侯县上街镇和闽侯县甘蔗镇等地田间小菜蛾种群对甲胺磷的抗性水平及抗性机制。结果表明,与敏感小菜蛾相比,上述4个田间小菜蛾种群已对甲胺磷产生了34-82倍的抗性水平。敏感小菜蛾乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的Ki值是田间抗性小菜蛾AChE的Ki值的17.3-39.1倍。不同小菜蛾种群对甲胺磷的抗性水平也存在着差异,小菜蛾种群AChE对甲胺磷的敏感性大小与其对甲胺磷的抗性水平高低显著相关。     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.     

多胚水稻品系APⅣ的多卵遗传行为分析

通过多胚水稻品系APⅣ与单胚水稻品种IR36、明恢77和龙特浦B正反杂交, 研究APⅣ的多卵遗传行为,表明APⅣ的多卵性状可能不是由孢子体基因型决定的,而是由雄配子体基因型决定,属配子体遗传的范畴。 Abstract:The inheritance of poly-eggs was investigated by crossing and reciprocally crossing APIV with monoembryonic rice variety IR36,Minghui No.77 and Longtepu B,respectively.It was suggested that the production of poly-eggs is probably controlled by gametophytic genotypes,rather than sporophytic ones.     

银杏外种皮与垂序商陆叶提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及十字花科作物幼苗的生理影响

为探究银杏外种皮(Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta)与垂序商陆叶(Phytolacca americana leaf)提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及其主要危害对象十字花科植物幼苗的生理影响,本研究利用直接测量、显微解剖、分光光度法等多种方法测定了复配剂作用前后小菜蛾及十字花科代表性植物萝卜幼苗的生理变化。结果发现：复配剂处理下未被致死小菜蛾幼虫继续完成发育并化蛹结茧,但茧重及羽化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);复配剂未致小菜蛾幼虫肠道出现明显形状、颜色、表观结构变化,但显著降低了幼虫体内神经传导、解毒、抗氧化相关的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05);复配剂对萝卜幼苗的株高、鲜重、干重有一定抑制效应,并引发幼苗体内SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量、叶片电导率增加及叶片净光合速率的动态变化(先降后升)。结果提示,复配剂协同影响了小菜蛾幼虫体内神经、解毒、抗氧化多种生理机能,且复配剂毒性效应可持续小菜蛾整个生命阶段;其施用还诱发十字花科植物幼苗出现生长抑制及生理应激,因此在达到防治效果前提下应尽量降低复配剂的使用浓度。     

杀虫剂对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力研究

室内浸叶法试验表明,三种害虫中斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾对供试杀虫剂的敏感程度一般比甜菜夜蛾高。灭虫灵对小菜蛾有很高的潜力,LC50为0．09mg/L,甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾对灭虫灵敏度程度较低,LC50在150mg/L左右。除尽对甜菜夜蛾,毒死蜱对斜纹夜蛾毒力最高,LC50分别为1．48mg/L和0．49mg/L,除尽、锐劲特、抑太保对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾都具有很高的毒力,可作为兼治这三种害虫的首选品种。     

湖南不同地区小菜蛾对药剂敏感性比较

采用浸叶法在室内测定了湖南长沙和怀化地区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)田间种群对10种药剂的敏感性。结果表明:湖南长沙和怀化地区田间小菜蛾除对丁醚脲和BT制剂仍处于敏感(抗性倍数<3)状态外,对其它8种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中以长沙地区小菜蛾田间种群对高效氯氰菊酯抗性倍数最高(抗性倍数为33.58)。长沙和怀化种群对药剂的相对毒力倍数以巴丹最低(1.20)而以多杀菌素最高(2.59)。