猪重要胴体性状的遗传定位

为了寻找影响猪重要胴体性状主基因在染色体的位置,我们以大白猪和梅山猪为父母本建立了F2资源家系。随机选留81头F2代个体,经屠宰获得猪胴体性状数据。结合家系个体的48个微卫星标记基因型,用线性模型最小二乘法对各胴体性状进行数量性状基因座（QTL）的区间定位。定位结果表明位于猪染色体（SSC）4号的瘦肉率和瘦肉量QTL达到基因组极显著水平;SSC1、2和4上眼肌面积QTL达到染色体显著水平;位于SSC1和4上的眼肌高度QTL与眼肌面积QTL在同一染色体区域;而眼肌宽度QTL位于SSC6;位于SSC7同一标记区间的皮重、皮率、骨重和骨率QTL表现出很好的一致性,均达到染色体显著水平。SSC6和7的体长QTL达到染色体显著水平。 Abstract: To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body composition traits in pigs, a resource family with three-generation was developed by using Large White grand sires and Meishan grand dams. A total of 81 F2 progenies were phenotyped for body composition. All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers. The main results are as follows:, the strongest linkages at genome-wise level of lean meat percentage and total meat content were detected on SSC1 and 4. QTLs for loin eye area were located on SSC1, 2 and 4, QTLs for loin eye height on SSC 1 and 4, and QTLs for loin eye width on SSC 6. The best positions estimated for QTLs of skin percentage and of skin weight were in the same marker interval. Two QTLs significant at genome-wise level or highly significant at chromosome-wide level for carcass length were located on SSC6 and 7.     

苯丙酮尿症分子遗传学研究进展

苯丙酮尿症是由于苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因突变引起的常染色体隐性遗传病。文章综述了苯丙酮尿症中的苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因的定位、结构、突变、调控以及突变基因的体外表达和苯丙氨酸羟化酶的三维结构特点等分子遗传学进展,阐述了苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因的突变对苯丙氨酸羟化酶的体外表达及其三维结构的影响, 以及部分基因型与表型相关的分子机制。 Abstract: Phenylketonuria(PKU) is one kinds of autusomal recessive disease caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH) gene mutation. This article reviews the recent molecular heredity progress on the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene’s orientation、structureand gene mutation and gene regulation. At same time, mutation gene in vitro expression and the character of 3D structure of PAH in PKU are involved. In this paper, also discussed the inflence of vitro expression and 3D protein structure by gene mutations and the molecular mechanism of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in PKU patient.     

大豆体细胞胚胎发生与农杆菌介导的遗传转化

以55个大豆基因型未成熟子叶为外植体,用高浓度2,4-D诱导大豆体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生,并对生产上种植面积大、体细胞胚胎发生率高的大豆基因型用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化。结果表明,东北地区主栽的大豆基因型中有14个基因型体细胞胚胎发生率超过40%。用含有pGBI121S4ABC质粒的LBA4404农杆菌侵染5个东北地区主栽大豆基因型的2147个未成熟子叶,经卡那霉素抗性筛选得到12株PCR阳性植株。 Abstract：Somatic embryogenesis was induced and the regenerated plants were obtained by higher concentrations of auxins with immature cotyledon of 55 genotypes in soybean. Bivalent insect resistant genes were transformed into immature cotyledon of soybean which have high frequency of somatic embryogenesis via Agrobacterium-mediated. The results showed that 14 genotypes possessed high frequency of somatic embryogenesis (more than 40%) among soybean genotypes from Northeast area. 2147 immature cotyledons of 5 different soybean genotypes cultured in Northeast area were inoculated with LBA4404 (including pGBI121S4ABC plasmid). 12 regenerated plants selected by Kanamicy gave positive PCR reaction.     

利用蚕豆根尖微核试验监测遗爱湖水体遗传毒性的研究

20世纪80年代以来,微核技术已开始应用监测环境各个方面,90年代以后,进行环境水体监测研究的有陈建军等,均取得了一定成绩。作者以此技术对古城黄州东坡赤壁附近的遗爱湖水质进行首次的直接检测和研究。有关数据将为治理遗爱湖提供有关参考,也对将要开发利用遗爱湖资源和旅游景点具有可持续性发展意义。       

云南汉族群体FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座多态性及其法医学应用

采用Amp-FLP分型方法,调查云南汉族群体FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座的遗传多态性,并将其应用于法医学实践。200份EDTA抗凝血采自昆明地区无血缘关系汉族个体,采用酚—氯仿法提取DNA;法医物证实际检案及亲子鉴定检材取自昆明医学院法医系物证教研室检案,各种动物血痕取自动物中心,采用酚—氯仿法或Chelex法提取DNA,PCR扩增,非变 性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,硝酸银染色分型。结果表明,FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座分别观察到15、7、13个等位基因,基因型数分别是57、25、61。3个STR基因座的杂合度（H）分别为：0.8940、0.8174、0.9130;多态信息容量（PIC）分别是:0.8908、0.8045、0.9117;个人识别力（Dp）分别是：0.9733、0.9416、0.9772;非父排除率（Epp）分别是：0.7994、0.6542、0.8348,基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。20个家系调查结果表明,3个基因组均符合孟德尔遗传规律。 Genetic Polymorphism of FIBRA,DHFRP2 and ACTBP2 and Their Forensic Application in Yunnan Han Population JING Qiang,NIE Sheng-jie Department of Forensic Medicine,Kunming Medical College,Yunnan Province 650031,China Abstract:To investigate the genetic polymorphism of FIBRA,DHFRP2 and ACTBP2 in Yunnan Han population as well as their application in forensic science,EDTA-blood specimens were collected from 200 healthy individuals.The DNA were extracted either by the Chloro form,phenol method or by the Chelex-100 method.The PCR products were analyzed by PAG vertical electrophoresis,following by silver staining.All gene frequencies,discrimination power (DP),exclusion of paternity probability (EPP),heterozygosity (H),polymorphisms information content (PIC),matching probability (PM) as well as the Hardy-Weinberg test were calculated.The obtained data are beneficial in the understanding of population genetics of the three STR loci in Yunnan Han population and the results suggest that these loci are valuable genetic markers for paternity testing and personal identification in forensic science practice. Key words：short tandem repeat; Amp-FLP; genetic polymorphism     

玉米大斑病抗性遗传的研究进展

由于大斑病生理小种的变异,致使原来抗大斑病的玉米品种丧失抗性,对玉米生产造成严重危害,至今已经发现大斑病菌生理小种5个。玉米对大斑病的抗性可分为多基因控制的数量性状和显性单基因控制的质量性状,前者涉及玉米的10条染色体;后者包括t1、Ht2、Ht3、HtN等基因。本文对大斑病生理小种变化,玉米大斑病抗性单基因（Ht）的来源、遗传特点、染色体定位以及数量抗性基因的QTL分析等研究进展作了综述。 Abstract:As the rapid variation and mutation of the races of Exserohilum turcicum (Helminthosporium turcicum),maize varieties lost their resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) disease caused by new races of E.Turcicum.This brought the disaster in maize production.Up to now 5 races have been found.The maize resistance to E.turcicum can be divided into quantitative and qualitative resistance,the former is associated with 10 chromosomes in maize,and the later includes genes of t1、Ht2、Ht3 and HtN.The race variation of E.turcicum,the original gene resources and genetic characteristics of each Ht monogenic resistance,the chromosome location of t1、Ht2、HtN genes,and the QTL analysis of quantitative resistant genes for E.turcicum in maize were reviewed in this paper.     

VLDL双向选择肉鸡群SSR指纹分析

对初步进行VLDL双向选择的三个世代高、低脂群肉鸡进行SSR指纹分析,评定各基因座基因频率的变化,进而判断SSR标记与肉鸡肥度性状VLDL的相关关系,为低脂肉鸡的早期选育奠定基础。5个微卫星引物一个未扩增出产物,其余4个引物扩增出14个微卫星位点。各位点在高、低脂系中的基因频率经卡方检验,一世代有一个基因座的基因频率差异显著（P<0.05）;二世代两个基因座差异显著;三世代共检测到4个基因座差异显著。 Abstract:SSR fingerprints were analyzed in three generations of fat line (FL) and lean line (LL) of broiler chickens.Changes in gene frequencies of every locus were evaluated.Thus the relationship between SSR markers and VLDL (a trait representing fat mass of broiler),which is the basis for early selection of LL broiler,was examined.Fourteen microsatellite locus were successfully amplified with 4 of 5 primers used.The results of χ2 test for the gene frequencies of every locus show that one locus was significantly different in generation 1(P<0.05),two in generation 2 and 4 in generation 3.     

上海郊区人群的体质特征和遗传关系

本项研究收集了上海郊区的 13个具有明显方言差异的人群的各类人类遗传学数据 5 3项进行聚类分析 ,发现黄浦江以东的人群相对较纯 ,而黄浦江以西的则较混杂 ,两组群体都分别可以聚成较远的 3类。由此认为上海郊区的人群大致有 3种起源 ,上海奉贤区金汇镇和闵行区马桥镇为代表的居民与南方土著民族较近 ,崇明县、嘉定区、浦东新区和南汇区的居民与北方民族较近 ,而奉贤区的头桥镇、金山区、青浦区的朱家角和商榻、松江区天马山等地的居民又是另一类。这与历史记载他们的不同来源有关。     

DNA分子标记在番茄遗传育种研究中的应用

本文综述了DNA分子标记在番茄遗传图谱构建、番茄种质资源研究与品种纯度的鉴定、番茄基因分子标记研究及番茄基因图位克隆方面的应用研究进展。 Abstract:This paper reviewed the recent advance of the application of DNA molecular marker in various aspects of tomato breeding including genetic map construction,germplasm research and purity control of cultivars,identification markers linked to important genes and map-based gene cloning.